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. 2021 Dec 17;11:24191. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-03638-5

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Immunohistochemical detection of Caspase 3 positive apoptotic cells in naturally Usutu virus (USUV) infected birds. (A) The spleen of an USUV infected blackbird (Supplementary Table S1, #3) presented mildly to moderately increased numbers of apoptotic cells (scale bar: 50 µm; Caspase 3). (B) The spleen of an USUV negative control blackbird (Supplementary Table S1, #29) showed less numbers of apoptotic cells. Due to the poor state of preservation, non-specific background staining was increased (scale bar: 50 µm; Caspase 3). (C) The Bursa fabricii of an USUV infected blackbird (Supplementary Table S1, #3) displayed a moderately increased number of apoptotic cells in follicles (scale bar: 200 µm; Caspase 3). (D) In the Bursa fabricii of an USUV negative blackbird (Supplementary Table S1, #29) only small to moderate numbers of apoptotic cells were detected, mostly located in the center of follicles (scale bar: 100 µm; Caspase 3).