TABLE 4.
Associated malformations and disruptions in twins in this series and reports
| Subject | MCD | DWM | ZYG | IUFD | Associated malformations/disruptions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LP97-138 | PMG-SUB-PNH | DZ | + | Optic nerve hypoplasia, panhypopituitarism | |
| LP98-090 | PMG-SUB-PNH | UZ | + | Congenital cutis aplasia of scalp | |
| LR00-029 | PMG-SUB-PNH | UZ | + | Bilateral clubfeet | |
| LR03-380 | None (group 3) | UZ | Amniotic band disruption sequencea | ||
| LR07-038a1 | PMG | MZ | Vocal cord paralysisb | ||
| LR12-313a2 | PMG-SUB-PNH | DWM | MZ | Amyoplasia (three-limb, see text) | |
| LR17-510 | PMG | MZ | Vocal cord paralysisb | ||
| LR18-005 | PMG | MZ | Jejunal atresia, leg contractures, clubfeet | ||
| LR18-397 | PMG-PNH | MZ | Arthrogryposis multiplex congenitac | ||
| Baker 1996 | PMG-SUB-PNH | MZ | + | Congenital contractures, not defined | |
| Malinowski | DWM | + | Gastroschisis (limited details provided) | ||
| Mochizuki | PMG | MZ | + | Multiple intestinal atresias (at 13 sites) | |
| Shue 2012 | PMG | MZ | + | Multiple intestinal atresias (at eight sites) |
a
Features included unilateral right anopthalmia with surrounding alopecia, cleft lip and soft palate, multiple constriction bands, multiple shortened fingers and toes.
b
We have observed polymicrogyria with vocal cord paralysis in several singletons as well.
c
Oropharynx, hands, and feet most severe, unable to open his mouth.