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Effect of colonic batch samples from patients with PD, compared with colonic batch samples from healthy controls, on secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 (left) and IL-10 (right). (*) represents statistically significant differences between the control and probiotic-dosed samples, p < 0.1; (**) p < 0.01; (***) p < 0.001; (****) p < 0.0001.
