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. 2021 Dec 10;7(12):e08576. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08576

Table 3.

Impact of financing and legal obstacles on sales and employment growth.

Sales growth
Employment growth
Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4 Model 5 Model 6
Financing Obstacles -0.033∗ -0.035∗ -0.409∗∗ -0.407∗∗
(-1.706) (-1.814) (-2.593) (-2.595)
Legal obstacles -0.052 -0.055∗ 0.080 0.053
(-1.607) (-1.740) (0.251) (0.169)
Small -0.046∗∗ -0.044∗ -0.055∗∗ -0.724∗∗∗ -0.727∗∗∗ -0.853∗∗∗
(-2.048) (-1.944) (-2.605) (-3.391) (-3.426) (-4.039)
Medium -0.031 -0.029 -0.039∗∗ -0.233 -0.235 -0.328∗
(-1.574) (-1.461) (-2.033) (-1.304) (-1.321) (-1.859)
Government -0.052∗ -0.054∗ -0.052∗ -0.778∗∗ -0.776∗∗ -0.782∗∗
(-1.819) (-1.892) (-1.827) (-2.894) (-2.885) (-2.915)
Foreign -0.030 -0.030 -0.028 0.187 0.187 0.199
(-1.186) (-1.183) (-1.135) (0.790) (0.790) (0.853)
Exporter 0.009 0.009 0.009 -0.134 -0.134 -0.139
(0.487) (0.491) (0.477) (-0.822) (-0.817) (-0.850)
Experience -0.001 -0.001 -0.001 -0.029∗∗ -0.029∗∗ -0.028∗∗
(-0.811) (-0.803) (-0.805) (-3.212) (-3.208) (-3.195)
International 0.017 0.015 0.017 0.081 0.084 0.079
(0.811) (0.700) (0.806) (0.427) (0.440) (0.416)
Manufacturing -0.015 -0.011 -0.015 -0.387∗∗ -0.392∗∗ -0.379∗∗
(-0.749) (-0.576) (-0.729) (-2.188) (-2.234) (-2.134)
Certified -0.034∗∗ -0.033∗∗ -0.033∗∗ 0.059 0.058 0.081
(-2.034) (-1.975) (-1.985) (0.371) (0.366) (0.511)
Competition 0.026 0.024 0.025 0.516∗∗ 0.519∗∗ 0.501∗∗
(1.453) (1.349) (1.408) (3.202) (3.220) (3.129)
Year2015 -0.159∗∗∗ -0.176∗∗∗ -0.151∗∗∗ -0.035 -0.010 0.046
(-8.198) (-10.653) (-7.868) (-0.192) (-0.067) (0.255)
Mekong River 0.005 0.005 0.009 0.422 0.419 0.486
(0.130) (0.126) (0.216) (1.293) (1.284) (1.494)
N Central &Cent Coastal 0.040 0.034 0.031 0.526 0.533 0.451
(0.981) (0.853) (0.760) (1.497) (1.516) (1.288)
Red River Delta 0.014 0.016 0.002 0.084 0.080 -0.043
(0.396) (0.445) (0.054) (0.287) (0.274) (-0.148)
South East -0.026 -0.031 -0.024 0.278 0.284 0.310
(-0.720) (-0.861) (-0.663) (0.944) (0.966) (1.060)
Southern Central Coastal 0.028 0.024 0.016 0.335 0.338 0.198
(0.553) (0.491) (0.324) (0.844) (0.851) (0.502)
cons 0.337∗∗∗ 0.332∗∗∗ 0.312∗∗∗ 1.984∗∗∗ 1.992∗∗∗ 1.640∗∗∗
(7.815) (7.713) (7.844) (5.516) (5.534) (4.950)
N 1439 1439 1439 1264 1264 1264
F 9.853 10.182 10.122
r2 0.108 0.107 0.106

t statistics in parentheses.

∗∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗p < 0.05, ∗p < 0.1.