Table 3.
Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) obtained from multistate model for dementia by race/ethnicity and gender.
| NH White |
NH Black |
Hispanic |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | |
| Characteristic | ||||||
| Socioeconomic Resources | ||||||
| Educational Level | ||||||
| Less than high school or GED | 1.97 (1.59, 2.45) | 1.59 (1.36, 1.85) | 1.31 (0.78, 2.20) | 1.76 (1.19, 2.59) | 0.92 (0.47, 1.79) | 3.20 (1.54, 6.61) |
| High school or above | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Occupation | ||||||
| Never worked for pay | 1.28 (0.94, 1.74) | 1.39 (1.16, 1.66) | 3.38 (1.82, 6.26) | 1.61 (1.02, 2.55) | 4.83 (1.97, 11.85) | 3.03 (1.24, 7.38) |
| Blue-collar | 1.32 (1.05, 1.66) | 1.13 (0.92, 1.40) | 2.66 (1.38, 5.12) | 2.01 (1.26, 3.21) | 3.06 (1.30, 7.21) | 1.61 (0.59, 4.40) |
| Lower white-collar | 1.32 (1.06, 1.64) | 1.18 (1.02, 1.38) | 1.84 (1.00, 3.39) | 1.59 (1.09, 2.33) | 3.38 (1.19, 9.63) | 2.59 (0.98, 6.88) |
| Upper white-collar | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Low neighborhood safety | 1.23 (0.91, 1.66) | 1.06 (0.85, 1.34) | 0.88 (0.62, 1.23) | 1.15 (0.91, 1.44) | 1.45 (0.86, 2.46) | 0.63 (0.41, 0.96) |
| Food Insecure | 1.43 (0.90, 2.28) | 1.60 (1.27, 2.02) | 1.45 (0.94, 2.23) | 1.30 (0.98, 1.73) | 2.22 (1.23, 4.01) | 1.19 (0.59, 2.40) |
| Lifestyle Characteristics | ||||||
| Physically inactive | 1.10 (0.95, 1.27) | 1.07 (0.95, 1.19) | 0.93 (0.67, 1.29) | 0.90 (0.72, 1.13) | 0.75 (0.43, 1.33) | 1.52 (1.02, 2.25) |
| Body Mass Index | ||||||
| Underweight | 0.78 (0.23, 2.68) | 0.79 (0.57, 1.09) | 0.41 (0.05, 3.37) | 1.69 (0.77, 3.72) | 6.28 (2.04, 19.33) | 1.66 (0.80, 3.47) |
| Normal or overweight | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Obese | 0.94 (0.78, 1.14) | 0.95 (0.82, 1.10) | 0.89 (0.63, 1.26) | 1.13 (0.91, 1.41) | 0.50 (0.26, 0.96) | 1.12 (0.77, 1.64) |
| Smoking | ||||||
| Never smoked | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Former smoker | 0.98 (0.83, 1.16) | 1.03 (0.91, 1.17) | 1.62 (1.11, 2.37) | 1.02 (0.81, 1.29) | 1.56 (0.91, 2.68) | 1.33 (0.91, 1.96) |
| Active smoker | 1.34 (1.02, 1.76) | 1.32 (1.08, 1.60) | 1.81 (1.12, 2.92) | 1.19 (0.84, 1.69) | 1.26 (0.64, 2.49) | 1.63 (0.93, 2.87) |
| Alcohol Intake | ||||||
| Low or moderate | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Heavy | 1.28 (0.95, 1.73) | 0.89 (0.68, 1.18) | 2.23 (1.15, 4.33) | 1.14 (0.53, 2.45) | 0.80 (0.34, 1.84) | 0.87 (0.40, 1.88) |
| Lonely |
0.99 (0.77, 1.26) |
1.28 (1.13, 1.44) |
1.27 (0.89, 1.82) |
1.38 (1.09, 1.74) |
1.21 (0.76, 1.94) |
1.15 (0.82, 1.61) |
| Characteristic | ||||||
| Medical Conditions | ||||||
| Diabetes | 1.52 (1.25, 1.86) | 1.44 (1.22, 1.71) | 1.37 (0.94, 2.01) | 1.26 (1.00, 1.60) | 2.62 (1.46, 4.71) | 1.48 (0.98, 2.24) |
| Hypertension | 0.97 (0.84, 1.13) | 1.08 (0.97, 1.21) | 1.17 (0.84, 1.61) | 1.09 (0.87, 1.37) | 0.80 (0.51, 1.24) | 0.88 (0.61, 1.27) |
| Stroke | 1.51 (1.19, 1.92) | 1.43 (1.20, 1.71) | 1.62 (1.03, 2.55) | 0.94 (0.59, 1.51) | 2.71 (1.37, 5.38) | 2.83 (1.28, 6.27) |
| Heart condition | 1.06 (0.90, 1.25) | 0.99 (0.87, 1.14) | 0.78 (0.54, 1.13) | 1.47 (1.15, 1.89) | 1.53 (0.86, 2.71) | 0.99 (0.53, 1.82) |
| Poor hearing | 1.13 (0.97, 1.33) | 1.07 (0.93, 1.23) | 1.21 (0.85, 1.72) | 0.93 (0.70, 1.24) | 1.16 (0.74, 1.81) | 1.12 (0.75, 1.68) |
| Healthcare Utilization | ||||||
| Any insurance | 0.44 (0.29, 0.66) | 0.81 (0.54, 1.22) | 0.55 (0.34, 0.91) | 1.22 (0.76, 1.93) | 0.69 (0.37, 1.27) | 0.81 (0.48, 1.34) |
| Doctor or hospital visit over past two years | 0.91 (0.66, 1.24) | 0.73 (0.57, 0.93) | 0.91 (0.48, 1.70) | 0.59 (0.37, 0.94) | 0.68 (0.35, 1.34) | 1.08 (0.54, 2.17) |
Notes: GED, General Educational Development; NH, Non-Hispanic.