Table 4.
Percentage of incident dementia cases attributable to risk factors by race/ethnicity and gender.
| NH White |
NH Black |
Hispanic |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | |
| Characteristic | ||||||
| Socioeconomic Resources | ||||||
| Educational Level | ||||||
| Less than high school or GED | 20.6 (15.9, 25.0) | 12.6 (9.2, 15.8) | 15.8 (−15.9, 38.9) | 26.3 (11.5, 38.5) | −6.8 (−82.6, 37.5) | 59.9 (34.2, 75.5) |
| High school or above | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Occupation | ||||||
| Never worked for pay | 3.1 (−0.4, 6.4) | 8.7 (4.6, 12.6) | 27.6 (20.1, 34.4) | 18.0 (3.4, 30.3) | 33.5 (25.1, 40.9) | 52.8 (22.8, 71.2) |
| Blue-collar | 7.5 (2.0, 12.6) | 1.7 (−1.0, 4.3) | 21.2 (12.4, 29.2) | 11.1 (5.8, 16) | 27.4 (15.1, 38.0) | 5.0 (−3.5, 12.7) |
| Lower white-collar | 3.7 (1.2, 6.2) | 4.6 (0.8, 8.2) | 5.2 (1.4, 8.9) | 5.5 (1.9, 8.9) | 7.1 (3.9, 10.1) | 3.0 (1.2, 4.9) |
| Upper white-collar | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Low neighborhood safety | 1.4 (−0.4, 3.1) | 0.4 (−1, 1.8) | −3.2 (−12.5, 5.3) | 3.3 (−2.1, 8.3) | 6.2 (−1.3, 13.1) | −9.5 (−21.1, 0.9) |
| Food Insecure | 1.2 (−0.1, 2.4) | 2.4 (1.5, 3.3) | 4.5 (0.0, 8.7) | 4.3 (0.1, 8.4) | 7.3 (3.7, 10.8) | 1.7 (−4.8, 7.7) |
| Lifestyle Characteristics | ||||||
| Physically inactive | 4.7 (−2.2, 11.1) | 3.9 (−3.1, 10.5) | −4.5 (−26.8, 13.9) | −7.2 (−25.4, 8.4) | −20.2 (−76.8, 18.3) | 26.8 (3.2, 44.7) |
| Body Mass Index | ||||||
| Underweight | −0.1 (−0.6, 0.4) | −0.7 (−1.8, 0.4) | −0.5 (−2.2, 1.2) | 1.2 (−0.2, 2.6) | 0.6 (0.4, 0.7) | 1.3 (−0.2, 2.8) |
| Normal or overweight | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Obese | −1.2 (−5.2, 2.7) | −1.0 (−4.0, 1.8) | −3.2 (−13.9, 6.5) | 5.3 (−4.1, 13.8) | −17.6 (−43.0, 3.2) | 3.9 (−8.9, 15.3) |
| Smoking | ||||||
| Never smoked | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Former smoker | −1.1 (−11.8, 8.6) | 1.1 (−2.9, 4.9) | 20.7 (7.0, 32.3) | 0.6 (−7.9, 8.5) | 19.6 (−1.8, 36.4) | 7.0 (−1.4, 14.6) |
| Active smoker | 3.6 (0.7, 6.5) | 2.6 (1.0, 4.2) | 12.4 (4.7, 19.5) | 2.0 (−1.8, 5.7) | 3.6 (−6.2, 12.5) | 4.2 (0.4, 7.9) |
| Alcohol Intake | ||||||
| Low or moderate | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Heavy | 1.5 (−0.1, 3.1) | −0.5 (−1.7, 0.7) | 5.8 (2.6, 8.9) | 0.2 (−1.0, 1.4) | −1.8 (−9.5, 5.3) | −0.1 (−0.8, 0.6) |
| Lonely |
−0.2 (−3.4, 2.9) |
5.3 (2.9, 7.7) |
4.9 (−1.8, 11.2) |
7.8 (2.8, 12.5) |
4.1 (−5.3, 12.6) |
5.3 (−7.2, 16.3) |
| Characteristic | ||||||
| Medical Conditions | ||||||
| Diabetes | 6.1 (3.7, 8.4) | 4.0 (2.5, 5.5) | 5.6 (−0.3, 11.2) | 5.2 (0.4, 9.8) | 21.4 (13.3, 28.8) | 8.4 (0.9, 15.3) |
| Hypertension | −1.2 (−8.1, 5.3) | 3.8 (−1.7, 9.0) | 8.0 (−8.9, 22.3) | 5.7 (−9.9, 19.1) | −11.7 (−40.1, 11.0) | −7.1 (−30.6, 12.2) |
| Stroke | 3.6 (1.9, 5.3) | 3.1 (1.8, 4.4) | 4.6 (1.2, 7.9) | −0.4 (−3.6, 2.7) | 9.4 (5.6, 13.1) | 2.9 (1.6, 4.1) |
| Heart condition | 1.8 (−3.0, 6.3) | −0.1 (−3.1, 2.8) | −5.1 (−14, 3.1) | 6.9 (3.2, 10.5) | 7.4 (−0.9, 15.1) | −0.1 (−5.1, 4.7) |
| Poor hearing | 4.3 (−1.0, 9.3) | 1.3 (−1.3, 3.8) | 4.0 (−3.0, 10.6) | −1.2 (−6.6, 3.9) | 4.0 (−8.2, 14.9) | 2.6 (−6.2, 10.7) |
| Domain, Combined | ||||||
| Socioeconomic Resources | 31.9 (27.1, 36.4) | 26.5 (19.8, 32.7) | 59.8 (47, 69.5) | 53.4 (43.3, 61.8) | 70.1 (47.4, 83) | 82.1 (65.2, 90.8) |
| Lifestyle Characteristics | 7.1 (−7.2, 19.4) | 10.4 (2.1, 18.1) | 34.6 (10.1, 52.4) | 10.2 (−9.1, 26.2) | −4.1 (−79.5, 39.6) | 41.5 (18.2, 58.2) |
| Medical Conditions | 13.8 (5.5, 21.4) | 11.4 (5.8, 16.7) | 16.3 (1.4, 28.9) | 15.3 (1.1, 27.4) | 27.2 (7.6, 42.6) | 7.1 (−13.1, 23.6) |
| Total | 45.4 (35.5, 53.8) | 41.0 (33, 47.9) | 78.7 (67.2, 86.2) | 64.1 (51.9, 73.2) | 78.2 (57.0, 89.0) | 90.3 (79.7, 95.4) |
Notes: GED, General Educational Development; NH, Non-Hispanic.