Table 2. Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis for Assessing Association Between the Study Variables and Severity of COVID-19*.
| Variables | Univariable OR (95%CI) | p | Age-adjusted OR (95%CI) | p | Multivariable OR (95%CI) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age > 60 yrs | 3.70 (2.57 – 5.33) | < 0.001 | - | - | 2.33 (1.51 – 3.60) | < 0.001 |
| Male Gender | 1.35 (0.95 - 1.94) | 0.097 | 1.35 (0.93 – 1.96) | 0.117 | 1.32 (0.87 – 1.99) | 0.193 |
| Body Mass Index > 30 kg/m2 | 0.78 (0.51 – 1.19) | 0.244 | 0.91 (0.59 – 1.42) | 0.689 | - | - |
| Diabetes | 1.62 (1.10 – 2.37) | 0.014 | 1.23 (0.82 – 1.84) | 0.325 | 1.16 (0.71 – 1.82) | 0.595 |
| Hypertension | 1.92 (1.34 – 2.76) | < 0.001 | 1.21 (0.81 – 1.81) | 0.355 | 0.89 (0.46 – 1.71) | 0.723 |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease / Asthma | 1.89 (1.05– 3.42) | 0.035 | 1.52 (0.82 – 2.83) | 0.188 | 1.19 (0.60 – 2.39) | 0.620 |
| Organ Failure# | 2.91 (1.92 – 4.40) | < 0.001 | 2.22 (1.46 – 3.47) | < 0.001 | 1.57 (0.92 – 2.67) | 0.094 |
| Cardiovascular disease# | 2.98 (1.97 – 4.51) | < 0.001 | 1.99 (1.28 – 3.10) | 0.002 | 1.53 (0.90 – 2.61) | 0.116 |
| The Cancerous State# | 3.91 (1.51 – 10.10) | 0.005 | 3.50 (1.29 – 9.48) | 0.014 | 3.74 (1.31 – 10.65) | 0.013 |
| The Disability State# | 9.90 (4.45 – 22.01) | < 0.001 | 6.92 (3.04 – 15.76) | < 0.001 | 7.03 (2.88 – 17.13) | < 0.001 |
| Immunosuppression | 1.04 (0.50 – 2.18) | 0.915 | 1.30 (0.60 – 2.82) | 0.509 | - | - |
| Taking ACEI or ARB | 2.22 (1.51 – 3.26) | < 0.001 | 1.39 (0.91 – 2.13) | 0.126 | 1.34 (0.68 – 1.62) | 0.395 |
| Tobacco use | 0.78 (0.38 – 1.60) | 0.503 | 0.99 (0.47 – 2.08) | 0.974 | - | - |
* OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker. ** All variables with P value < .2 entered the model. #Organ failure was defined as the presence of renal, heart, or liver failure; cardiovascular disease as the presence of either coronary artery disease or cerebrovascular accident; cancerous state as either receiving chemotherapy in the past 6 months or having active cancer; and disability state as the presence of any physical or mental disabilities.