Table 3. Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis for Assessing Association Between the Study Variables and Hospitalization of COVID-19 Patients*.
| Variables | Univariable OR (95% CI) | p | Age-adjusted OR (95% CI) | p | Multivariable OR** (95% CI) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age > 60 yrs | 5.48 (3.43 – 8.74) | < 0.001 | - | - | 4.54 (2.67 – 7.71) | < 0.001 |
| Male Gender | 0.93 (0.64 – 1.34) | 0.704 | 0.88 (0.60 – 1.30) | 0.516 | - | - |
| Body Mass Index > 30 kg/m2 | 1.00 (0.66 – 1.52) | 0.999 | 1.20 (0.77 – 1.87) | 0.413 | - | - |
| Diabetes | 1.90 (1.22 – 2.98) | 0.005 | 1.73 (0.45 – 1.17) | 0.191 | 1.00 (0.60 – 1.69) | 0.993 |
| Hypertension | 2.63 (1.70 – 4.07) | < 0.001 | 1.59 (0.98 – 2.57) | 0.058 | 1.59 (0.72 – 3.52) | 0.249 |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease / Asthma | 2.45 (1.08 – 5.57) | 0.033 | 1.89 (0.80 – 4.45) | 0.146 | 1.80 (0.73 – 4.36) | 0.195 |
| Organ Failure# | 5.24 (2.67 – 10.31) | < 0.001 | 3.87 (1.93 – 7.76) | < 0.001 | 4.13 (1.91 – 8.95) | < 0.001 |
| Cardiovascular disease# | 2.04 (1.22 – 3.40) | 0.006 | 1.08 (0.61 – 1.89) | 0.797 | 0.59 (0.31 – 1.13) | 0.109 |
| The Cancerous State# | 1.45 (0.47 – 4.43) | 0.517 | 1.10 (0.34 – 3.59) | 0.878 | - | - |
| The Disability State# | 4.91 (1.49 – 16.18) | 0.009 | 2.64 (0.77 – 9.08) | 0.123 | 2.1 (0.60 – 7.58) | 0.240 |
| Immunosuppression | 1.50 (0.64 – 3.52) | 0.347 | 1.90 (0.79 – 4.57) | 0.151 | - | - |
| Taking ACEI or ARB | 2.39 (1.50 – 3.82) | < 0.001 | 1.31 (0.783 – 2.20) | 0.304 | 0.74 (0.32 – 1.73) | 0.495 |
| Tobacco use | 0.81 (0.41 – 1.60) | 0.545 | 1.01 (0.50 – 2.07) | 0.970 | - | - |
* OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker. ** All variables with P value < .2 were entered into the model. # Organ failure was defined as the presence of renal, heart, or liver failure; cardiovascular disease as the presence of either coronary artery disease or cerebrovascular accident; ‘cancerous state as either receiving chemotherapy in the past 6 months or having active cancer; and ‘disability state’ as the presence of any physical or mental disabilities.