Table 2.
Correlates of looking for second medical opinions about HPV vaccination (n = 906).
| # of parents who looked for second opinions/ Total in category (%) |
Bivariate OR (95% CI) | Multivariable OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 140/906 (15) | NA | NA |
| Child characteristics | |||
| Sex | |||
| Female | 72/475 (15) | Ref | – |
| Male | 68/431 (16) | 1.05 (0.73, 1.50) | – |
| Age, years | |||
| 15–17 | 43/373 (12) | Ref | Ref |
| 11–14 | 97/533 (18) | 1.71 (1.16, 2.51)** | 1.72 (1.14, 2.60)* |
| HPV vaccine doses received | |||
| 0 doses | 44/247 (18) | Ref | – |
| ≥1 doses | 96/659 (15) | 0.79 (0.53, 1.16) | – |
| Parent and household characteristics | |||
| Sex | |||
| Female | 87/683 (13) | Ref | Ref |
| Male | 53/223 (24) | 2.14 (1.46, 3.13)** | 2.01 (1.32, 3.05)** |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 83/635 (13) | Ref | Ref |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 27/112 (24) | 2.11 (1.29, 3.45)** | 1.52 (0.89, 2.60) |
| Hispanic | 23/110 (21) | 1.76 (1.05, 2.94)* | 1.73 (0.99, 3.03) |
| Other | 7/49 (14) | 1.11 (0.48. 2.55) | 1.12 (0.46, 2.75) |
| Education | |||
| High school degree or less | 34/202 (17) | Ref | – |
| Some college | 41/372 (11) | 0.61 (0.37, 1.00) | – |
| College degree or higher | 65/332 (20) | 1.20 (0.76, 1.90) | – |
| Annual household income | |||
| <$40,000 | 41/268 (15) | Ref | – |
| $40,000–$79,999 | 45/289 (16) | 1.02 (0.64, 1.62) | – |
| ≥$80,000 | 50/320 (16) | 1.03 (0.65, 1.61) | – |
| Not reported | 4/29 (14) | 0.89 (0.29, 2.68) | – |
| Region | |||
| Northeast | 20/137 (15) | Ref | – |
| Midwest | 27/174 (16) | 1.07 (0.57, 2.01) | – |
| South | 33/272 (12) | 0.81 (0.44, 1.47) | – |
| West | 60/323 (19) | 1.33 (0.77, 2.32) | – |
| Vaccine attitudes | |||
| Self-reported HPV knowledge | |||
| Know less than health care provider | 24/337 (7) | Ref | Ref |
| Know the same as health care provider | 49/337 (15) | 2.22 (1.33, 3.71)** | 1.94 (1.13, 3.30)* |
| Know more than health care provider | 67/232 (29) | 5.30 (3.20, 8.76)** | 3.97 (2.35, 6.73)** |
| Exposure to social media information | |||
| No | 58/565 (10) | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 82/341 (24) | 2.77 (1.92, 3.99)** | 2.50 (1.69, 3.69)** |
| Vaccine confidence score | |||
| High | 56/507 (11) | Ref | Ref |
| Low | 84/399 (21) | 2.15 (1.49, 3.10)** | 1.74 (1.14, 2.66)* |
| Social norms favoring HPV vaccination | |||
| Agree | 90/678 (13) | Ref | Ref |
| Disagree/neither | 50/228 (22) | 1.84 (1.25, 2.69)** | 1.61 (1.03, 2.51)* |
Note. HPV = Human papillomavirus; OR = Odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; Ref = Referent group; NA = Not applicable. Dashes (−) indicate the variable was not included in the multivariable model because it was not statistically significant in bivariate analysis. * p < .05; ** p < .01.