Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population
| Characteristics | All(n=57) | Balance-Impaired (n=21) | Non-Balance-Impaired (n=36) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 55.7 (12.2) | 59.9 (11.4) | 53.3 (12.1) | .048* | |
| Sex (male/female) | 42/15 | 16/5 | 26/10 | .748 | |
| Weight (kg) | 68.8 (9.7) | 69.3 (10.4) | 68.4 (9.4) | .857 | |
| Height (cm) | 167.7 (8.9) | 168.0 (9.6) | 167.5 (8.7) | .740 | |
| Time poststroke (months) | 12.7 (8.2) | 12.3 (9.3) | 12.9 (7.6) | .772 | |
| Stroke side (R/L) | 25/32 | 11/10 | 14/22 | .331 | |
| Modified Ashworth Scale (0/1/1+/2) | 3/16/37/1 | 1/4/16/0 | 2/12/21/1 | .520 | |
| K-MMES (score) | 27.8 (2.8) | 26.5 (2.6) | 28.6 (2.6) | <.001* | |
| ROM of the ankle (°) | DF | 14.0 (7.2) | 11.7 (7.4) | 15.39 (6.8) | .060 |
| PF | 133.9 (9.4) | 133.2 (7.4) | 134.2 (10.4) | .700 | |
| INV | 21.6 (5.6) | 21.4 (5.5) | 21.8 (5.8) | .765 | |
| EV | 18.9 (5.3) | 18.1 (5.9) | 19.3 (5.0) | .429 | |
| Strength of the ankle (N) | DF | 12.4 (4.7) | 10.6 (2.9) | 13.5 (5.2) | .052 |
| PF | 14.4 (4.7) | 12.9 (2.5) | 13.5 (5.5) | .124 | |
| INV | 8.4 (2.6) | 7.1 (2.4) | 9.2 (2.4) | .009* | |
| EV | 7.5 (2.6) | 6.7 (2.2) | 8.0 (2.8) | .132 | |
| Ankle proprioception (score) | 1.8 (1.6) | 2.4 (1.3) | 1.4 (0.9) | .007* | |
| Fugl-Meyer Scale (score) | 18.8 (3.3) | 16.7 (2.2) | 20.0 (3.3) | <.001* | |
| Functional ambulation category (score) | 4.8 (0.9) | 4.3 (9.6) | 5.1 (0.8) | .001* | |
| Berg Balance Scale (score) | 46.6 (6.3) | 40.5 (6.4) | 50.2 (2.0) | .006* | |
| Timed Up and Go (s) | 28.6 (15.9) | 39.4 (17.7) | 22.3 (10.6) | <.001* | |
| Fall Efficacy Scale (score) | 49.2 (28.3) | 65.5 (23.0) | 39.1 (26.8) | .002* | |
| Walking speed (cm/s) | 40.5 (24.8) | 21.3 (14.1) | 51.5 (22.9) | <.001* | |
| Step length (cm) | 34.3 (15.0) | 20.8 (12.9) | 41.1 (11.0) | <.001* | |
| Step time (s) | 0.5 (0.1) | 0.5 (0.1) | 0.5 (0.1) | .604 | |
| Step width (cm) | 16.3 (7.5) | 15.4 (11.1) | 16.8 (5.2) | .681 | |
Values represent mean ± SD.
Abbreviations: K-MMES, Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination.
⁎
P<.05, independent t test.