Adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity, marital status, cancer stage, Elixhauser comorbidity index, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Area Deprivation Index (ADI) and Medicare-Medicaid dual eligibility (DE) were mutually adjusted, and the interaction term ADI*DE was also included. For breast cancer, hormone receptor status was additionally adjusted. For prostate cancer, androgen deprivation therapy was additionally adjusted. P value for interaction was assessed using likelihood-ratio tests. ADI was evaluated as an ordinal variable, and each level (quintile) corresponded to the equivalent integer (from 1 through 5). CRC, colorectal cancer; HR, hazard ratio.