Table 1. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Cancer Patients by Area Deprivation Index Quintiles.
| Characteristica | No. (%) | P valueb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q3 | Q5 | ||
| Breast cancer | ||||
| No. | 5375 | 5279 | 5206 | |
| Age groups, y | ||||
| 67-69 | 1006 (18.7) | 922 (17.5) | 851 (16.4) | <.001 |
| 70-74 | 1445 (26.9) | 1456 (27.6) | 1470 (28.2) | |
| 75-79 | 1242 (23.1) | 1205 (22.8) | 1261 (24.2) | |
| 80-84 | 926 (17.2) | 946 (17.9) | 911 (17.5) | |
| 85-94 | 756 (14.1) | 750 (14.2) | 713 (13.7) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Female | 5375 (100.0) | 5279 (100.0) | 5206 (100.0) | |
| Race and ethnicity | ||||
| Black | 120 (2.2) | 312 (5.9) | 734 (14.1) | <.001 |
| Hispanic White | 225 (4.2) | 241 (4.6) | 224 (4.3) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 4475 (83.3) | 4496 (85.2) | 4168 (80.1) | |
| Otherc | 555 (10.3) | 230 (4.4) | 80 (1.5) | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Yes | 2710 (50.4) | 2317 (43.9) | 1975 (37.9) | <.001 |
| No | 2540 (47.3) | 2689 (50.9) | 2910 (55.9) | |
| Unknown | 125 (2.3) | 273 (5.2) | 321 (6.2) | |
| Cancer stage | ||||
| I | 3239 (60.3) | 2992 (56.7) | 2800 (53.8) | <.001 |
| II | 1656 (30.8) | 1753 (33.2) | 1823 (35.0) | |
| III | 480 (8.9) | 534 (10.1) | 583 (11.2) | |
| Elixhauser comorbidity index | ||||
| 0 | 2457 (45.7) | 2086 (39.5) | 1856 (35.7) | <.001 |
| 1-2 | 2027 (37.7) | 2123 (40.2) | 2158 (41.5) | |
| ≥3 | 891 (16.6) | 1070 (20.3) | 1192 (22.9) | |
| Hormone receptor status | ||||
| ER+ or PR+ | 4663 (86.8) | 4397 (83.3) | 4226 (81.2) | <.001 |
| ER− and PR− | 589 (11.0) | 661 (12.5) | 707 (13.6) | |
| Unknown | 123 (2.3) | 221 (4.2) | 273 (5.2) | |
| Surgery | 5095 (94.8) | 4964 (94.0) | 4917 (94.5) | .20 |
| Chemotherapy | 1074 (20.0) | 1158 (21.9) | 1117 (21.5) | .11 |
| Radiotherapy | 3312 (61.6) | 3003 (56.9) | 2431 (46.7) | <.001 |
| Dual eligibility for Medicare and Medicaid | 499 (9.3) | 627 (11.9) | 1059 (20.3) | <.001 |
| Follow-up time, median (IQR), y | 7.3 (6.2-8.6) | 7.1 (5.7-8.4) | 6.8 (4.6-8.3) | <.001 |
| Death | 1594 (29.7) | 1946 (36.9) | 2240 (43.0) | <.001 |
| Death from primary cancer | 336 (6.3) | 448 (8.5) | 582 (11.2) | <.001 |
| Prostate cancer | ||||
| No. | 7209 | 7284 | 7109 | |
| Age groups, y | ||||
| 67-69 | 1779 (24.7) | 1687 (23.2) | 1674 (23.6) | .02 |
| 70-74 | 2619 (36.3) | 2735 (37.6) | 2529 (35.6) | |
| 75-79 | 1686 (23.4) | 1759 (24.2) | 1682 (23.7) | |
| 80-84 | 810 (11.2) | 789 (10.8) | 861 (12.1) | |
| 85-94 | 315 (4.4) | 314 (4.3) | 363 (5.1) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 7209 (100.0) | 7284 (100.0) | 7109 (100.0) | NA |
| Female | NA | NA | NA | |
| Race and ethnicity | ||||
| Black | 177 (2.5) | 531 (7.3) | 1364 (19.2) | <.001 |
| Hispanic White | 338 (4.7) | 442 (6.1) | 435 (6.1) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 5510 (76.4) | 5775 (79.3) | 5070 (71.3) | |
| Otherc | 1184 (16.4) | 536 (7.4) | 240 (3.4) | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Yes | 5267 (73.1) | 4843 (66.5) | 4260 (59.9) | <.001 |
| No | 1122 (15.6) | 1290 (17.7) | 1683 (23.7) | |
| Unknown | 820 (11.4) | 1151 (15.8) | 1166 (16.4) | |
| Stage | ||||
| I | <11 (<0.2)d | 14 (0.2) | 23 (0.3) | <.001 |
| II | 6590 (91.4) | 6800 (93.4) | 6725 (94.6) | |
| III | >608 (>8.4) | 470 (6.5) | 361 (5.1) | |
| Elixhauser comorbidity index | ||||
| 0 | 3554 (49.3) | 3345 (45.9) | 2982 (42.0) | <.001 |
| 1-2 | 2781 (38.6) | 2828 (38.8) | 2779 (39.1) | |
| ≥3 | 874 (12.1) | 1111 (15.3) | 1348 (19.0) | |
| Surgery | 1909 (26.5) | 1354 (18.6) | 1034 (14.5) | <.001 |
| Chemotherapy | 2065 (28.6) | 2464 (33.8) | 2762 (38.9) | <.001 |
| Radiotherapy | 3263 (45.3) | 3553 (48.8) | 3322 (46.7) | <.001 |
| ADT | 1959 (27.2) | 2362 (32.4) | 2683 (37.7) | <.001 |
| Dual eligibility for Medicare and Medicaid | 469 (6.5) | 554 (7.6) | 989 (13.9) | <.001 |
| Follow-up time, median (IQR), y | 7.5 (6.5-8.8) | 7.4 (6.3-8.8) | 7.1 (5.7-8.5) | <.001 |
| Death | 1583 (22.0) | 2134 (29.3) | 2698 (38.0) | <.001 |
| Death from primary cancer | 198 (2.8) | 268 (3.7) | 336 (4.7) | <.001 |
| Lung cancer | ||||
| No. | 3274 | 3320 | 3311 | |
| Age groups, y | ||||
| 67-69 | 394 (12.0) | 481 (14.5) | 584 (17.6) | <.001 |
| 70-74 | 777 (23.7) | 838 (25.2) | 963 (29.1) | |
| 75-79 | 830 (25.4) | 867 (26.1) | 839 (25.3) | |
| 80-84 | 719 (22.0) | 698 (21.0) | 604 (18.2) | |
| 85-94 | 554 (16.9) | 436 (13.1) | 321 (9.7) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1560 (47.6) | 1645 (49.5) | 1713 (51.7) | .005 |
| Female | 1714 (52.4) | 1675 (50.5) | 1598 (48.3) | |
| Race and ethnicity | ||||
| Black | 85 (2.6) | 156 (4.7) | 518 (15.6) | <.001 |
| Hispanic White | 131 (4) | 184 (5.5) | 99 (3.0) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 2605 (79.6) | 2879 (86.7) | 2661 (80.4) | |
| Otherc | 453 (13.8) | 101 (3.0) | 33 (1.0) | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Yes | 1806 (55.2) | 1653 (49.8) | 1521 (45.9) | <.001 |
| No | 1401 (42.8) | 1527 (46.0) | 1642 (49.6) | |
| Unknown | 67 (2.1) | 140 (4.2) | 148 (4.5) | |
| Stage | ||||
| I | 1527 (46.6) | 1469 (44.3) | 1395 (42.1) | .03 |
| II | 271 (8.3) | 287 (8.6) | 294 (8.9) | |
| III | 1476 (45.1) | 1564 (47.1) | 1622 (49.0) | |
| Elixhauser comorbidity index | ||||
| 0 | 933 (28.5) | 903 (27.2) | 833 (25.2) | <.001 |
| 1-2 | 1407 (43.0) | 1356 (40.8) | 1349 (40.7) | |
| ≥3 | 934 (28.5) | 1061 (32.0) | 1129 (34.1) | |
| Surgery | 1440 (44.0) | 1265 (38.1) | 986 (29.8) | <.001 |
| Chemotherapy | 1052 (32.1) | 1179 (35.5) | 1122 (33.9) | .01 |
| Radiotherapy | 1014 (31.0) | 1237 (37.3) | 1306 (39.4) | <.001 |
| Dual eligibility for Medicare and Medicaid | 516 (15.8) | 465 (14.0) | 878 (26.5) | <.001 |
| Follow-up time, median (IQR), y | 2.1 (0.6-6.3) | 1.7 (0.6-5.2) | 1.3 (0.4-3.8) | <.001 |
| Death | 2576 (78.7) | 2767 (83.3) | 2934 (88.6) | <.001 |
| Death from primary cancer | 1825 (55.7) | 1924 (58.0) | 2057 (62.1) | <.001 |
| Colorectal cancer | ||||
| No. | 3935 | 3990 | 3826 | |
| Age groups, y | ||||
| 67-69 | 409 (10.4) | 467 (11.7) | 494 (12.9) | <.001 |
| 70-74 | 817 (20.8) | 904 (22.7) | 940 (24.6) | |
| 75-79 | 872 (22.2) | 899 (22.5) | 898 (23.5) | |
| 80-84 | 895 (22.7) | 867 (21.7) | 802 (21.0) | |
| 85-94 | 942 (23.9) | 853 (21.4) | 692 (18.1) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1788 (45.4) | 1819 (45.6) | 1715 (44.8) | .97 |
| Female | 2147 (54.6) | 2171 (54.4) | 2111 (55.2) | |
| Race and ethnicity | ||||
| Black | 65 (1.7) | 259 (6.5) | 548 (14.3) | <.001 |
| Hispanic White | 225 (5.7) | 210 (5.3) | 176 (4.6) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 3046 (77.4) | 3333 (83.5) | 3033 (79.3) | |
| Otherc | 599 (15.2) | 188 (4.7) | 69 (1.8) | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Yes | 2056 (52.2) | 1916 (48.0) | 1710 (44.7) | <.001 |
| No | 1789 (45.5) | 1831 (45.9) | 1876 (49.0) | |
| Unknown | 90 (2.3) | 243 (6.1) | 240 (6.3) | |
| Stage | ||||
| I | 1246 (31.7) | 1292 (32.4) | 1217 (31.8) | .66 |
| II | 1472 (37.4) | 1436 (36.0) | 1369 (35.8) | |
| III | 1217 (30.9) | 1262 (31.6) | 1240 (32.4) | |
| Elixhauser comorbidity index | ||||
| 0 | 1489 (37.8) | 1421 (35.6) | 1289 (33.7) | <.001 |
| 1-2 | 1501 (38.1) | 1544 (38.7) | 1437 (37.6) | |
| ≥3 | 945 (24.0) | 1025 (25.7) | 1100 (28.7) | |
| Surgery | 3588 (91.2) | 3613 (90.6) | 3419 (89.4) | .06 |
| Chemotherapy | 855 (21.7) | 917 (23.0) | 869 (22.7) | .44 |
| Radiotherapy | 417 (10.6) | 428 (10.7) | 413 (10.8) | .93 |
| Dual eligibility for Medicare and Medicaid | 659 (16.8) | 586 (14.7) | 850 (22.2) | <.001 |
| Follow-up time, median (IQR), y | 6.3 (2.7-8.1) | 6.1 (2.2-7.8) | 5.6 (1.8-7.7) | <.001 |
| Death | 2143 (54.5) | 2394 (60.0) | 2359 (61.7) | <.001 |
| Death from primary cancer | 763 (19.4) | 917 (23.0) | 926 (24.2) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: ADT, androgen deprivation therapy; ER, estrogen receptor; NA, not applicable; PR, progesterone receptor; Q1, quintile 1; Q3, quintile 3; Q5, quintile 5.
a
Continuous variables were presented as median (IQR) and categorical variables as No. (%). Percentages may not add up to 100% because of rounding. Only Q1, Q3, and Q5 are presented owing to space limitations.
b
P values were calculated using the Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables and the χ2 test for categorical variables.
c
Other consisted of Asian, Native American, other races not identified within these groups, and unknown race.
d
As per Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare policy, numbers less than 11 must be suppressed to eliminate the potential for reidentification of persons with cancer.