Table 2.

Adjusted models examining the impact of warning exposure (n = 776).

	B (SE)	p
Negative affect Spanish Dual	−0.06 (0.65) 1.80 (0.66)	0.921 0.007
Perceived message effectiveness Spanish Dual	0.33 (0.40) 0.84 (0.40)	0.402 0.007
Psychological reactance Spanish Dual	0.56 (0.40) 1.55 (0.41)	0.165 <0.001
Clarity Spanish Dual	0.84 (0.38) 0.61 (0.39)	0.028 0.115
Advertisement appeal Spanish Dual	0.55 (0.26) 0.46 (0.27)	0.037 0.091
Product appeal Spanish Dual	0.40 (0.24) 0.38 (0.24)	0.098 0.118
Likelihood of purchase Spanish Dual	0.57 (0.26) 0.25 (0.26)	0.030 0.342
Attention Spanish Dual	0.12 (0.15) 0.14 (0.16)	0.432 0.384
Cognitive Spanish Dual	0.17 (0.15) 0.07 (0.15)	0.256 0.639
Likelihood of sharing with friends Spanish Dual	0.23 (0.16) 0.28 (0.16)	0.149 0.089
Perceived knowledge gained Spanish Dual	0.06 (0.16) 0.35 (0.16)	0.701 0.030
Intentions to use e-cigarettes Spanish Dual	−0.06 (0.14) −0.13 (0.14)	0.693 0.368
Notes: Models adjust for language preference and proficiency, sex, race and ethnicity, education, income, sexual orientation, days used e-cigarettes, and data source. Beta signifies the impact of Spanish and Dual warnings on the outcome, with the English warning as the referent group. Bold indicates p < 0.01.