Table 3.
Prevalence of anxiety symptoms in participants during COVID-19 outbreak in a sample from Portuguese residents.
| n (%) | Non-anxiety (462 [49.7]) | Moderate-an xiety (215 [23.1]) | Anxiety (250 [26.9]) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 302 (65.8) | 162 (75.7) | 194 (77.9) | 0.001* |
| Male | 157(34.2) | 52 (24.3) | 55 (22.1) | |
| Education | ||||
| ≤ 12 years | 89 (19.6) | 58 (27.0) | 70 (28.5) | 0.015 |
| Bachelor degree | 180 (39.6) | 67 (31.2) | 73 (29.7) | |
| Master degree or superior | 185 (40.7) | 90 (41.9) | 103 (41.9) | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married/ in a civil partnership | 207 (45.0) | 93 (43.5) | 104 (41.8) | 0.706 |
| Not married | 253 (55.0) | 121 (56.5) | 145 (58.2) | |
| Age. Y | ||||
| 18-30 | 143 (31.7) | 82 (40.0) | 96 (40.0) | 0.005* |
| 31-39 | 121 (26.8) | 51 (24.9) | 75(31.3) | |
| 40-49 | 110 (24.4) | 40 (19.5) | 51 (21.3) | |
| ≥ 50 | 77 (17.1) | 32 (15.6) | 18 (14.2) | |
| Working status after COVID-19 started | ||||
| Continued employed | 332 (80.4) | 159 (78.3) | 163 (73.4) | 0.045 |
| Become unemployed | 24 (5.8) | 24 (11.8) | 25 (11.3) | |
| Continued unemployed | 20 (4.8) | 10 (4.9) | 15 (6.8) | |
| Other | 37 (9.0) | 10 (4.9) | 19 (8.6) | |
| Household income perception | ||||
| Insufficient | 13 (2.9) | 10 (4.7) | 17 (6.9) | <0.001* |
| Need to be careful about expenses | 93 (20.4) | 63 (29.9) | 79 (31.9) | |
| Enough to meet needs | 183 (40.1) | 76 (36.0) | 94 (37.9) | |
| Comfortable | 167 (36.6) | 62 (29.4) | 58 (23.4) | |
| Household size | ||||
| 1 person | 70 (15.5) | 27 (12.9) | 47 (19.1) | 0.427 |
| 2 persons | 140 (30.9) | 64 (30.5) | 76 (30.9) | |
| ≥ 3 persons | 243 (53.6) | 119 (56.7) | 123 (50.0) | |
| Food security status (n = 882) | ||||
| Food security | 432 (96.9) | 196 (95.6) | 193 (83.9) | <0.001* |
| Food insecurity | 14 (3.1) | 9 (4.4) | 37 (16.1) | |
| The situation regarding food has changed | ||||
| Yes | 39 (34.5) | 26 (23.0) | 48 (42.5) | <0.001* |
| No | 227 (57.3) | 92 (23.2) | 77 (19.4) | |
| Use of anxiolytics or antidepressants | ||||
| Yes | 38 (8.4) | 40 (18.8) | 71 (29.1) | <0.001* |
| No | 415 (91.6) | 173 (81.2) | 173 (70.9) | |
| Have any illness diagnosed by the doctor that requires regular health care | ||||
| Yes | 69 (15.1) | 56 (26.5) | 71 (29.1) | <0.001* |
| No | 389 (84.9) | 155 (73.5) | 173 (70.9) | |
| Positive diagnose of COVID-19 | ||||
| Yes | 21 (4.6) | 8 (3.8) | 12 (4.8) | 0.847 |
| No | 435 (95.4) | 204 (96.2) | 237 (95.2) | |
| Drinking habits | ||||
| Yes | 278 (61.0) | 106 (50.0) | 120 (48.4) | 0.001* |
| No | 178 (39.0) | 106 (50.0) | 128 (51.6) | |
| Smoking habits | ||||
| Yes | 109 (23.9) | 45 (21.2) | 52 (21.3) | 0.647 |
| No | 348 (76.1) | 167 (78.8) | 192 (78.7) | |
| Illicit drug use | ||||
| ≤ last 12 months | 39 (33.6) | 16 (30.2) | 25 (31.6) | 0.898 |
| > 12 months | 77 (66.4) | 37 (69.8) | 54 (68.4) | |
⁎
p < 0.05