Table 2.
Environmental factors in pre and post-training. Mean ± SD, Δ% and t-value (Cohen's D Effect Size) are reported
| Variable | Pre-training | Post-training | Δ% | t-value (ES) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical features | ||||
| Weight (kg) | 68.1 ± 9.5 | 67.4 ± 7.5 | - 0.6% | -1.182 (0.287) |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 22.1 ± 2.6 | 22.1 ± 2.2 | 0.2% | -0.059 (0.014) |
| Fat Mass (%) | 15.8 ± 5.4 | 12.5 ± 4.6 | -19.4% | -4.170 (1.011) |
| Muscular Mass (kg) | 42.1 ± 4.9 | 43.4 ± 3.8 | 3.7% | 2.708 (0.657) |
| Sport-related features | ||||
| VO2max (ml/min) | 2965 ± 418 | 3133 ± 344 | 7.0% | 1.935 (0.469) |
| VO2max (ml/kg/min) | 44.2 ± 8.0 | 46.5 ± 5.8 | 6.9% | 1.723 (0.418) |
| Wpeak (W/kg) | 3.4 ± 0.4 | 4.1 ± 0.5 | 20.5% | 11.147 (2.703) |
| LT1 (W/kg) | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 45.2% | 3.997 (0.969) |
| LT2 (W/kg) | 2.0 ± 0.5 | 2.7 ± 0.4 | 37.5% | 4.860 (1.179) |
| Dietary features | ||||
| Energy (kcal) | 2098 ± 481 | 2413 ± 790 | 16.2% | 2.048 (0.497) |
| Protein (g) | 84.4 ± 17.2 | 98.2 ± 30.0 | 15.8% | 2.642 (0.641) |
| Carbohydrate (g) | 266.9 ± 60.7 | 322.2 ± 100.9 | 23.2% | 2.548 (0.618) |
| Starch (g) | 129.7 ± 47.1 | 158.3 ± 61.9 | 40.5% | 1.967 (0.477) |
| Fat (g) | 78.9 ± 24.4 | 84.8 ± 36.3 | 9.4% | 0.833 (0.202) |
| Saturated Fats (g) | 23.0 ± 7.6 | 24.6 ± 10.2 | 10.1% | 0.767 (0.186) |
| Monounsaturated Fats (g) | 27.0 ± 9.3 | 28.5 ± 13.5 | 11.5% | 0.517 (0.126) |
| Polyunsaturated Fats (g) | 8.5 ± 2.9 | 10.0 ± 4.5 | 28.3% | 1.152 (0.279) |
| Omega-3 (% kcal/kcal tot) | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 4.2% | -0.987 (0.239) |
| Omega-6 (% kcal/kcal tot) | 3.1 ± 0.9 | 3.0 ± 0.5 | 5.8% | -0.201 (0.049) |
| Fibres (g) | 8.4 ± 4.4 | 11.7 ± 8.4 | 48.4% | 2.203 (0.534) |
| Iron (mg) | 8.4 ± 2.6 | 10.0 ± 4.1 | 26.6% | 1.982 (0.481) |
| Vitamin A (mcg) | 772 ± 459 | 920 ± 540 | 44.1% | 1.345 (0.326) |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 48.7 ± 24.0 | 84.5 ± 51.7 | 117.4% | 3.150 (0.764) |
| Vitamin D (mg) | 1.7 ± 1.4 | 1.8 ± 0.7 | 54.9% | 0.535 (0.130) |
| Vitamin E (mg) | 7.0 ± 3.0 | 8.7 ± 4.9 | 29.7% | 1.845 (0.448) |
| Aminoacids | 12509 ± 4183 | 15121 ± 4916 | 28.6% | 2.641 (0.641) |