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. 2021 Dec 17;11:213. doi: 10.1186/s13578-021-00717-y

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Knockdown efficiency of ASOs in testis. A Schematic diagram of microinjection process through seminiferous tubules. B Photos of testis from 3-week-old mouse taken before (left) and after (right) injection. Filling of seminiferous tubules was monitored with the help of Trypan blue. C Relative expression of Malat1 detected by RT-PCR after injecting different doses of ASO-Malat1-1 into mouse testis. Testes were collected 2 or 7 days after injection. Values are expressed as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was determined using t tests. **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001. n = 3. D Relative expression of Tsx in testis measured by RT-PCR 2 days after injection of three different ASOs. Values are expressed as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was determined using t tests. **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001. n = 3. E Tsx RNA (green) detected by FISH in testes injected by different doses of ASO-Tsx-2. Scale bar, 50 μm