Table 1. Item mapping for PTSD factor structure models assessed in Iraq and Syrian children.
| KID-PIN items | DSM-5 | Dysphoria | Dysphoric arousal | Externalizing behaviors | Anhedonia | Hybrid | Anhedonia and affect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Intrusive thoughts | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| 2. Nightmares | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| 3. Flashbacks | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| 4. Emotional cue reactivity | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| 5. Physical cue reactivity | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| 6. Avoidance of thoughts | A | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| 7. Avoidance of reminders | A | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| 8. Trauma-related amnesia | NACM | D | NACM | NACM | NACM | NA | NCBA |
| 9. Negative beliefs | NACM | D | NACM | NACM | NACM | NA | NCBA |
| 10. Distorted blame | NACM | D | NACM | NACM | NACM | NA | NCBA |
| 11. Persistent negative emotional state | NACM | D | NACM | NACM | NACM | NA | NCBA |
| 12. Lack of interest | NACM | D | NACM | NACM | An | An | An |
| 13. Feeling detached | NACM | D | NACM | NACM | An | An | An |
| 14. Inability to experience positive emotions | NACM | D | NACM | NACM | An | An | An |
| 15. Irritable/ angry | AR | D | DA | EB | DA | EB | NCBA |
| 16. Recklessness | AR | AR | DA | EB | DA | EB | NCBA |
| 17. Hypervigilance | AR | AR | AA | AA | AA | AA | NCBA |
| 18. Exaggerated state | AR | AR | AA | AA | AA | AA | NCBA |
| 19. Difficulty concentrating | AR | D | DA | DA | DA | DA | NCBA |
| 20. Sleep disturbance | AR | D | DA | DA | DA | DA | NCBA |
Note:
R, re-experiencing; A, avoidance; NACM, negative alterations in cognitions and mood; AR, alterations in arousal and reactivity; D, dysphoria; DA, dysphoric arousal; AA, anxious arousal; EB, externalizing behaviors; An, anhedonia; NA, negative affect; NACM, negative alterations in cognitions and mood.