Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of the total sample (N) and pregnancies grouped by antenatal complications
| Controls N = 265 | PET N = 20 | Severe PET N = 13 | Nonsevere PET N = 7 | PIH N = 12 | FGR N = 17 | GDM N = 35 | PTB N = 11 | Pts with > 1 complication N = 10 | All pregnancies N = 370 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age (years) | 32.2 ± 5.3 | 33.2 ± 5.5 | 33.7 ± 6.0 | 32.0 ± 5.2 | 32.5 ± 6.1 | 28.7 ± 6.8 | 33.8 ± 4.8 | 30.0 ± 5.7 | 33.8 ± 8.4 | 32.2 ± 5.5 | 0.217 |
| BMI (kg/m 2 ) | 24.3 ± 4.8 | 27.7 ± 5.1 | 28.6 ± 7.3 | 29.1 ± 4.7 | 27.7 ± 7.3 | 26.0 ± 4.8 | 26.9 ± 4.1 | 24.2 ± 4.2 | 29.6 ± 6.9 | 25.1 ± 5.1 | 0.143 |
| Gravida | 3.0 ± 1.9 | 3.0 ± 2.1 | 2.6 ± 2.1 | 3.0 ± 2.2 | 3.0 ± 1.9 | 2.3 ± 1.5 | 2.5 ± 1.7 | 3.4 ± 1.4 | 3.0 ± 2.4 | 2.9 ± 1.9 | 0.528 |
| Parity | 0.7 ± 1.0 | 0.6 ± 0.9 | 0.5 ± 1.1 | 0.6 ± 0.8 | 0.8 ± 1.3 | 0.5 ± 0.9 | 0.5 ± 0.7 | 0.7 ± 0.9 | 0.5 ± 1.0 | 0.7 ± 0.9 | 0.268 |
| Maternal ethnicity | |||||||||||
| White | 184 (69.4%) | 11 (55.0%) | 6 (46.2%) | 3 (42.9%) | 8 (66.7%) | 7 (41.2%) | 13 (37.1%) | 9 (81.8%) | 3 (30.0%) | 235 (63.5%) | <0.0005 |
| Black | 31 (11.7%) | 5 (25.0%) | 5 (38.5%) | 2 (28.6%) | 2 (16.7%) | 8 (47.1%) | 6 (17.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (40.0%) | 56 (15.1%) | |
| Asian | 27 (10.2%) | 3 (15.0%) | 1 (7.7%) | 1 (14.3%) | 1 (8.3%) | 1 (5.9%) | 12 (34.3%) | 1 (9.1%) | 1 (10.0%) | 46 (12.4%) | |
| Other | 23 (8.7%) | 1 (5.0%) | 1 (7.7%) | 1 (14.3%) | 1 (8.3%) | 1 (5.9%) | 4 (11.4%) | 1 (9.1%) | 2 (20.0%) | 33 (8.9%) | |
| Smoking | 30 (11.3%) | 2 (10.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (14.3%) | 1 (8.3%) | 3 (17.6%) | 2 (5.7%) | 1 (9.1%) | 1 (10.0%) | 40 (10.8%) | 0.929 |
| Alcohol consumption | 165 (62.3%) | 12 (60.0%) | 7 (53.8%) | 5 (71.4%) | 9 (75.0%) | 9 (52.9%) | 22 (62.9%) | 3 (27.3%) | 7 (70%) | 227 (61.4%) | 0.007 |
| Baby weight | 3398 ± 441 | 3126 ± 560 | 2892 ± 763 | 3272 ± 560 | 3212 ± 353 | 2091 ± 511 | 3119 ± 596 | 2621 ± 589 | 2007 ± 813 | 3229 ± 605 | <0.0005 |
| Baby weight centile | 60.6 ± 27.6 | 62.6 ± 30.8 | 41.9 ± 35.7 | 68.6 ± 28.5 | 56.6 ± 24.0 | 5.2 ± 7.5 | 58.4 ± 31.6 | 68.5 ± 16.1 | 28.9 ± 34.5 | 57.0 ± 30.2 | 0.750 |
| Baby gender | |||||||||||
| Male | 109 (41.1%) | 9 (45.0%) | 9 (69.2%) | 3 (42.9%) | 7 (58.3%) | 9 (52.9%) | 19 (54.3%) | 5 (45.5%) | 4 (40.0%) | 162 (43.8%) | |
| Female | 145 (54.7%) | 11 (55.0%) | 4 (30.7%) | 4 (57.1%) | 5 (41.7%) | 8 (47.1%) | 15 (42.9%) | 6 (54.5%) | 6 (60.0%) | 196 (53.0%) |
Mean ± SD for continuous, normally distributed variables, and numbers of patients (percentages) for categorical variables are presented. differences in mean and proportion were tested with ANOVA and Chi2, respectively. A P value of < 0.05 was classified as statistically significant. Severe and nonsevere PET were presented as subgroups and were not compared statistically. Alcohol consumption indicates maternal alcohol consumption at all during pregnancy. Smoking indicates maternal smoking during pregnancy.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; FGR, fetal growth restriction; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; PET, pre-eclamptic toxemia; PIH, pregnancy-induced hypertension; PTB, preterm birth; pts, patients.