Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of study participants
| Normal weight group (n = 118) | Overweight (n = 32) |
Obese group (n = 11) |
P | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) | Mean (SD)/ Median (Q1-Q3) |
No. (%) | Mean (SD)/ Median (Q1-Q3) |
No. (%) | Mean (SD)/Median (Q1-Q3) |
||
| Age, y | 35.5 (3.7) | 36.3 (3.8) | 34.6 (3.8) | .40a | |||
| Prepregnancy BMI | 21.7 (1.7) | 26.7 (1.3) | 34.9 (5.1) | < .001a < .001b < .001c .001d |
|||
| Systolic blood pressure first trimester, mm Hg | 109.7 (12.3) | 113.2 (9.0) | 108.9 (8.9) | .30a | |||
| Diastolic blood pressure first trimester, mm Hg | 67.6 (9.0) | 68.5 (8.2) | 70.5 (7.0) | .56a | |||
| Birthweight, g | 3498 (415) | 3654 (489) | 3866 (550) | .01a .2b .02c .4d |
|||
| Placenta weight, g | 602 (131) | 650 (155) | 643 (110) | .2a | |||
| Higher education (> 12 y) |
107 (90.7) |
26 (81.3) |
8 (72.7) |
.2e | |||
| Infant sex male | 64 (54.8) | 19 (59.4) |
6 (54.5) |
.9e | |||
| Married or partner | 116 (98.3) |
30 (93.8) |
10 (90.9) |
.3e | |||
| Pregestational diabetes | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Gestational diabetes | 2 (1.7) |
1 (3.1) |
1 (9.1) |
.2e | |||
| Gestational age, wk | 39.3 (0.7) | 39.3 (0.4) | 39.4 (1.0) | .9a | |||
| HMW adiponectin | 3.0 (1.9-3.8) |
2.2 (1.8-2.7) |
2.5 (1.8-3.2) |
.02f .006g .3h .5i |
|||
| Total adiponectin | 5.3 (3.8-7.0) |
4.1 (3.2-5.2) |
4.5 (3.5-5.4) |
.02f .008g .3h .6i |
|||
| HMW/total adiponectin ratio | 0.55 (0.48-0.61) |
0.50 (0.46-0.59) |
0.52 (0.49-0.61) |
.2f | |||
| Glucose, mmol/L | 4.5 (0.4) | 4.7 (0.4) | 4.8 (0.7) | .04a .1b .1c .8d |
|||
| Cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.8 (1.0) | 5.8 (1.3) | 6.2 (1.0) | .4a | |||
| Insulin, pmol/L | 56.1 (35.5-75.9) |
61.7 (43.7-93.3) |
120.1 (92.0-137.8) |
< .001f .1g < .001h .004i |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HMW, high molecular weight.
a One-way analysis of variance with Dunnett T3 post hoc test for comparison of the following:
b normal weight vs overweight groups;
c normal weight vs obese groups;
d overweight vs obese groups.
e Pearson chi-square.
f Kruskal-Wallis test with Bonferroni post hoc test for comparison of the following:
g normal weight vs overweight groups;
h normal weight vs obese groups;
i overweight vs obese groups.