Table 2.
Associations of maternal prepregnancy BMI with maternal early-pregnancy metabolite ratios
| Maternal prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | Maternal prepregnancy overweight or obesity | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Early-pregnancy maternal metabolite ratios | Difference in metabolite concentration (SDS) (95% CI) per kg/m2 increase in BMI) | P-value | FDR corrected P-value | Maternal normal prepregnancy weight | Difference in metabolite concentration (SDS) (95% CI)) | P-value | FDR corrected P-value |
| Asn/Asp | −0.08 (−0.10; −0.06) | 0.000 | 0.000 | Reference | −0.51 (−0.69; −0.33) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Gln/Glu | −0.04 (−0.06; 0.01) | 0.002 | 0.004 | Reference | −0.16 (−0.35; 0.03) | 0.090 | 0.165 |
| NEFA.18:1/18:0 | 0.04 (0.02; 0.06) | 0.000 | 0.001 | Reference | 0.23 (0.04; 0.42) | 0.016 | 0.035 |
| NEFA.16:1/16:0 | 0.05 (0.03; 0.07) | 0.000 | 0.000 | Reference | 0.25 (0.06; 0.43) | 0.010 | 0.035 |
| Carn.a.16.0/free carnitine | 0.01 (−0.01; 0.03) | 0.413 | 0.504 | Reference | 0.06 (−0.12; 0.25) | 0.505 | 0.694 |
| Carn.a.C:2/C:16 | −0.03 (−0.03; 0.02) | 0.784 | 0.863 | Reference | −0.02 (−0.21; 0.17) | 0.822 | 0.849 |
| ΣLyso.PC.a/ΣPC.aa | −0.02 (−0.04; 0.00) | 0.109 | 0.171 | Reference | −0.13 (−0.31; 0.05) | 0.165 | 0.260 |
| (Lyso.PC.a.C:18.1 + C:18.2)/ΣPC.aa | −0.06 (−0.08; −0.04) | 0.000 | 0.000 | Reference | −0.32 (−0.50; −0.14) | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| (Lyso.PC.a.C:16:0 + C18:0)/ΣPC.aa | 0.00 (−0.02; 0.02) | 0.929 | 0.929 | Reference | −0.05 (−0.23; 0.13) | 0.570 | 0.697 |
| Val/PC.ae.C:32.2 | 0.01 (−0.01; 0.04) | 0.237 | 0.326 | Reference | 0.02 (−0.17; 0.20) | 0.849 | 0.849 |
| ΣPC.aa/ΣPC.ae | 0.03 (0.01; 0.05) | 0.016 | 0.029 | Reference | 0.23 (0.05; 0.40) | 0.014 | 0.035 |
Values represent regression coefficients (95% CI) and corresponding P-values and false discovery rate corrected P-values from linear regression models that reflect the difference in maternal early-pregnancy metabolite ratios in SD score per kg/m2 increase in BMI and for overweight or obese women as compared to normal weight women. Models were adjusted for gestational age at blood sampling, age, educational level, parity, smoking, alcohol consumption, folic acid supplementation, daily total energy intake, systolic blood pressure, and fetal sex.
Abbreviations: Asn/Asp, asparagine/aspartic acid; BMI, body mass index; FDR, false discovery rate; Gln/Glu, glutamine/glutamic acid.