Table 3.

Odds ratios of small or large for gestational age by 1 SD of maternal total cholesterol^a in midpregnancy among mothers with normal body mass index (18.5-24.9) and weight gain (7-11.9 kg) (n = 14 917)

Outcome	n	(%)	Crude model	Multivariable-adjusted modelb	P for linear trend	P for quadratic trend
Small for gestational age	1051	(7.0)	1.21 (1.13-1.29)	1.19 (1.12-1.27)	< .01	.38
Large for gestational age	1162	(7.8)	1.11 (1.05-1.18)	1.09 (1.03-1.16)	< .01	.99

Odds ratios of small for gestational age were reported by 1-SD decrement of maternal total cholesterol in midpregnancy. Odds ratios of large for gestational age were reported by 1-SD increment of maternal total cholesterol in midpregnancy. SD of maternal total cholesterol = 35.33 mg/dL.

^a Maternal total cholesterol values were adjusted for gestational age (day) at blood sampling by the residual method.

^b Adjustment for maternal age at delivery (year), sex of child (male, female), parity (0, ≥ 1), maternal weight gain during pregnancy (kg), maternal body mass index before pregnancy (< 18.5, 18.5-24.9, ≥ 25.0), smoking status during pregnancy (nonsmokers, quit smoking before pregnancy, quit smoking during early pregnancy, current smokers), alcohol drinking status during pregnancy (nondrinkers, former drinkers, current drinkers), blood glucose levels during pregnancy (< 78, 78-84, ≥ 85 mg/dL for a nonfasting blood sample and < 76, 76-81, ≥ 82 mg/dL for a fasting blood sample as each tertile value), household income (< 2, 2-5, 6-9, ≥ 10 million Japanese yen), and study areas (Hokkaido, Miyagi, Fukushima, Chiba, Kanagawa, Koshin, Toyama, Aichi, Kyoto, Osaka, Hyogo, Tottori, Kochi, Fukuoka, and South Kyushu/Okinawa).