Table 3.
Differences in hyoid and craniofacial measurements among the three groups.
| Normal (N = 89) | Indeterminate (N = 182) | BOA (N = 156) | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hyoid measurements | |||||
| Hy-Ba (mm) | 74.01 ± 8.20 | 73.18 ± 7.06 | 73.28 ± 8.42 | 0.698 | |
| Hy to SN (mm) | 102.76 ± 9.63 | 101.21 ± 8.19 | 102.01 ± 10.07 | 0.408 | |
| Hy to FH (mm) | 84.54 ± 8.39 | 82.63 ± 7.14 | 83.51 ± 8.58 | 0.171 | |
| Hy to PP (mm) | 60.03 ± 7.27 | 58.12 ± 6.19 | 58.81 ± 7.28 | 0.098 | |
| Hy to MP (mm) | 14.85 ± 5.33 | 12.05 ± 5.42 | 13.58 ± 4.95 | <0.001 | Indeterminate < normal, OA |
| Hy-RGn (mm) | 35.06 ± 5.51 | 33.69 ± 5.45 | 32.68 ± 5.28 | 0.004 | OA < normal |
| Hy-C3 (mm) | 33.15 ± 3.99 | 32.15 ± 3.74 | 32.36 ± 3.87 | 0.128 | |
| Hy to C3-RGn (mm) | 3.92 ± 9.20 | 1.12 ± 8.39 | 1.37 ± 8.58 | 0.033 | OA, indeterminate < normal |
| C3-RGN (mm) | 65.23 ± 7.86 | 63.60 ± 6.97 | 62.64 ± 7.02 | 0.026 | OA < normal |
| Go-Hy-Me | 132.47 ± 15.45 | 140.71 ± 16.61 | 135.37 ± 15.31 | <0.001 | Normal, OA < indeterminate |
| Hy-S (mm) | 103.09 ± 9.68 | 101.54 ± 8.20 | 102.33 ± 10.09 | 0.409 | |
| Hy-C3-S (°) | 92.48 ± 11.24 | 91.62 ± 11.33 | 91.82 ± 11.57 | 0.840 | |
| C3-Hy-S (°) | 94.54 ± 9.56 | 93.67 ± 7.28 | 94.23 ± 8.57 | 0.684 | |
|
| |||||
| Craniofacial measurements | |||||
| SNA (°) | 81.79 ± 3.18 | 82.36 ± 3.69 | 82.21 ± 3.41 | 0.451 | |
| SNB (°) | 78.88 ± 3.56 | 79.12 ± 3.80 | 78.37 ± 4.33 | 0.217 | |
| ANB (°) | 2.92 ± 2.78 | 3.24 ± 3.11 | 3.84 ± 3.49 | 0.065 | |
| Wits (mm) | 0.52 ± 3.99 | 0.23 ± 4.52 | 0.75 ± 5.34 | 0.598 | |
| FMA (°) | 22.82 ± 5.56 | 23.31 ± 6.07 | 25.93 ± 6.39 | <0.001 | Normal, indeterminate < OA |
| FH-OP (°) | 6.04 ± 4.95 | 6.57 ± 4.33 | 7.21 ± 4.63 | 0.141 | |
| Saddle angle (°) | 123.76 ± 4.11 | 122.90 ± 4.78 | 121.89 ± 4.58 | 0.007 | OA < normal |
| Articular angle (°) | 150.55 ± 5.57 | 152.19 ± 6.68 | 153.67 ± 6.70 | 0.001 | Normal < indeterminate, OA |
| Gonial angle (°) | 117.21 ± 6.80 | 116.99 ± 7.22 | 119.30 ± 7.67 | 0.010 | Indeterminate, normal < OA |
| Interincisal angle (°) | 124.68 ± 13.34 | 124.15 ± 13.73 | 121.96 ± 13.54 | 0.213 | |
| Ramus height (mm) | 46.09 ± 5.74 | 46.61 ± 4.83 | 44.29 ± 5.51 | <0.001 | OA < normal, indeterminate |
| Mandibular body length (mm) | 69.90 ± 5.69 | 70.07 ± 5.15 | 69.15 ± 5.57 | 0.275 | |
| Anterior cranial base length (mm) | 63.48 ± 3.67 | 63.37 ± 3.36 | 63.14 ± 3.44 | 0.730 | |
| Posterior cranial base length (mm) | 34.32 ± 3.88 | 33.94 ± 3.14 | 33.24 ± 3.98 | 0.056 | |
| Anterior facial height (mm) | 113.78 ± 8.10 | 114.87 ± 7.68 | 114.89 ± 8.15 | 0.512 | |
| Posterior facial height (mm) | 77.75 ± 8.24 | 78.12 ± 6.44 | 75.42 ± 7.63 | 0.002 | OA < indeterminate |
| Overjet (mm) | 3.89 ± 3.02 | 4.06 ± 2.79 | 4.33 ± 3.16 | 0.501 | |
| Overbite (mm) | 2.93 ± 1.67 | 2.72 ± 1.92 | 2.36 ± 2.51 | 0.103 | |