Table 5.
Differences in hyoid and craniofacial measurements among the three groups in female subjects.
| Normal (N = 53) | Indeterminate (N = 139) | OA (N = 111) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 22.69 ± 7.25 | 25.78 ± 7.32 | 21.85 ± 8.41 | <0.001 |
|
| ||||
| Hyoid measurements | ||||
| Hy-Ba (mm) | 71.17 ± 7.10 | 71.28 ± 6.00 | 70.10 ± 5.80 | 0.293 |
| Hy to SN (mm) | 99.05 ± 7.61 | 98.81 ± 6.27 | 97.84 ± 6.62 | 0.420 |
| Hy to FH (mm) | 81.13 ± 6.35 | 80.67 ± 5.74 | 80.01 ± 5.96 | 0.481 |
| Hy to PP (mm) | 57.14 ± 5.66 | 56.58 ± 5.18 | 55.93 ± 5.06 | 0.355 |
| Hy to MP (mm) | 13.24 ± 4.78 | 11.14 ± 5.14 | 12.51 ± 4.61 | 0.012 |
| Hy-RGn (mm) | 34.28 ± 4.76 | 33.17 ± 4.78 | 32.49 ± 5.33 | 0.098 |
| Hy-C3 (mm) | 32.28 ± 3.78 | 31.39 ± 3.19 | 31.27 ± 3.26 | 0.170 |
| Hy to C3-RGn (mm) | 3.65 ± 7.54 | -0.09 ± 7.34 | 0.23 ± 6.57 | 0.004 |
| C3-RGN (mm) | 64.41 ± 7.11 | 62.84 ± 5.92 | 62.34 ± 6.96 | 0.162 |
| Go-Hy-Me | 136.37 ± 15.29 | 143.20 ± 16.19 | 137.91 ± 15.02 | 0.005 |
| Hy-S (mm) | 99.34 ± 7.56 | 99.13 ± 6.30 | 98.14 ± 6.62 | 0.407 |
| Hy-C3-S (°) | 89.78 ± 11.72 | 90.83 ± 11.40 | 89.64 ± 10.39 | 0.671 |
| C3-Hy-S (°) | 92.45 ± 8.50 | 91.87 ± 6.17 | 91.92 ± 6.95 | 0.866 |
|
| ||||
| Craniofacial measurements | ||||
| SNA (°) | 81.67 ± 2.90 | 81.97 ± 3.68 | 81.91 ± 3.36 | 0.868 |
| SNB (°) | 79.06 ± 3.35 | 78.84 ± 3.77 | 78.09 ± 4.14 | 0.200 |
| ANB (°) | 2.61 ± 2.45 | 3.13 ± 3.05 | 3.81 ± 3.55 | 0.055 |
| Wits (mm) | -0.03 ± 3.97 | -0.00 ± 4.35 | 0.21 ± 5.03 | 0.922 |
| FMA (°) | 22.50 ± 5.37 | 23.85 ± 6.11 | 26.36 ± 6.15 | <0.001 |
| FH-OP (°) | 6.16 ± 4.97 | 6.73 ± 4.34 | 7.88 ± 4.37 | 0.039 |
| Saddle angle (°) | 123.71 ± 3.82 | 123.14 ± 4.74 | 122.48 ± 4.26 | 0.217 |
| Articular angle (°) | 151.06 ± 5.89 | 152.55 ± 6.81 | 153.25 ± 6.87 | 0.148 |
| Gonial angle (°) | 116.53 ± 6.12 | 117.22 ± 7.42 | 119.95 ± 7.74 | 0.004 |
| Interincisal angle (°) | 124.32 ± 13.97 | 124.42 ± 14.08 | 123.25 ± 14.33 | 0.793 |
| Ramus height (mm) | 45.13 ± 4.93 | 45.85 ± 4.61 | 42.87 ± 4.65 | <0.001 |
| Mandibular body length (mm) | 69.29 ± 5.39 | 69.46 ± 4.61 | 68.09 ± 5.46 | 0.089 |
| Anterior cranial base length (mm) | 62.75 ± 3.56 | 62.64 ± 3.04 | 62.27 ± 3.05 | 0.553 |
| Posterior cranial base length (mm) | 33.26 ± 3.35 | 33.10 ± 2.55 | 32.08 ± 3.07 | 0.009 |
| Anterior facial height (mm) | 111.30 ± 6.91 | 113.95 ± 6.92 | 112.64 ± 6.68 | 0.045 |
| Posterior facial height (mm) | 75.87 ± 6.72 | 76.63 ± 5.54 | 72.84 ± 5.68 | <0.001 |
| Overjet (mm) | 4.06 ± 2.59 | 3.86 ± 2.60 | 4.01 ± 2.98 | 0.870 |
| Overbite (mm) | 2.82 ± 1.50 | 2.55 ± 1.84 | 2.29 ± 2.24 | 0.248 |