Table 7.
Differences in hyoid and craniofacial measurements among the three groups in subjects aged <18 years.
| Normal (N = 35) | Indeterminate (N = 39) | OA (N = 59) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 13.30 ± 1.68 | 13.76 ± 1.86 | 13.44 ± 1.71 | 0.496 |
|
| ||||
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 14 (40.00%) | 20 (51.28%) | 40 (67.80%) | 0.026 |
| Male | 21 (60.00%) | 19 (48.72%) | 19 (32.20%) | |
|
| ||||
| Hyoid measurements | ||||
| Hy-Ba (mm) | 73.16 ± 8.98 | 75.77 ± 6.81 | 71.72 ± 8.81 | 0.066 |
| Hy to SN (mm) | 101.70 ± 10.00 | 104.43 ± 8.20 | 100.31 ± 10.27 | 0.119 |
| Hy to FH (mm) | 84.19 ± 8.76 | 85.06 ± 6.65 | 82.10 ± 8.73 | 0.187 |
| Hy to PP (mm) | 60.16 ± 7.43 | 60.09 ± 5.74 | 57.56 ± 7.53 | 0.117 |
| Hy to MP (mm) | 16.44 ± 4.68 | 14.85 ± 4.22 | 14.32 ± 5.08 | 0.109 |
| Hy-RGn (mm) | 34.41 ± 6.29 | 33.49 ± 5.52 | 32.96 ± 5.46 | 0.496 |
| Hy-C3 (mm) | 32.42 ± 4.17 | 32.06 ± 4.79 | 31.00 ± 3.92 | 0.240 |
| Hy to C3-RGn (mm) | 3.17 ± 10.50 | 1.85 ± 10.08 | 0.30 ± 9.55 | 0.392 |
| C3-RGN (mm) | 63.20 ± 9.03 | 62.20 ± 8.08 | 61.06 ± 7.26 | 0.445 |
| Go-Hy-Me | 126.17 ± 12.68 | 131.96 ± 12.49 | 132.59 ± 15.24 | 0.079 |
| Hy-S (mm) | 102.09 ± 10.11 | 104.83 ± 8.17 | 100.67 ± 10.37 | 0.119 |
| Hy-C3-S (°) | 93.83 ± 12.17 | 96.08 ± 9.68 | 93.62 ± 11.99 | 0.547 |
| C3-Hy-S (°) | 92.70 ± 9.68 | 94.79 ± 8.40 | 91.69 ± 7.50 | 0.203 |
|
| ||||
| Craniofacial measurements | 0.573 | |||
| SNA (°) | 81.11 ± 3.39 | 82.92 ± 4.28 | 82.32 ± 3.68 | 0.120 |
| SNB (°) | 77.42 ± 3.04 | 79.69 ± 4.14 | 78.26 ± 4.38 | 0.048 |
| ANB (°) | 3.69 ± 3.03 | 3.23 ± 2.98 | 4.05 ± 3.16 | 0.432 |
| Wits (mm) | 1.13 ± 3.86 | 0.80 ± 4.60 | 1.40 ± 4.67 | 0.808 |
| FMA (°) | 24.78 ± 5.76 | 23.81 ± 6.49 | 25.79 ± 5.59 | 0.267 |
| FH-OP (°) | 7.37 ± 5.48 | 5.83 ± 4.61 | 6.70 ± 4.47 | 0.381 |
| Saddle angle (°) | 124.54 ± 4.88 | 122.18 ± 4.75 | 121.82 ± 5.25 | 0.034 |
| Articular angle (°) | 149.67 ± 6.19 | 150.31 ± 5.97 | 152.61 ± 6.10 | 0.048 |
| Gonial angle (°) | 119.75 ± 6.53 | 119.23 ± 7.76 | 120.14 ± 7.45 | 0.834 |
| Interincisal angle (°) | 123.38 ± 13.30 | 125.45 ± 14.37 | 121.98 ± 14.79 | 0.501 |
| Ramus height (mm) | 43.35 ± 5.41 | 45.28 ± 5.03 | 42.82 ± 3.92 | 0.038 |
| Mandibular body length (mm) | 67.44 ± 5.25 | 69.62 ± 5.70 | 67.79 ± 5.79 | 0.184 |
| Anterior cranial base length (mm) | 62.76 ± 3.58 | 63.31 ± 3.67 | 62.86 ± 3.57 | 0.772 |
| Posterior cranial base length (mm) | 33.90 ± 3.76 | 35.05 ± 3.31 | 33.03 ± 3.90 | 0.032 |
| Anterior facial height (mm) | 112.39 ± 8.64 | 113.99 ± 8.63 | 112.23 ± 7.41 | 0.545 |
| Posterior facial height (mm) | 74.50 ± 7.63 | 77.61 ± 7.12 | 73.65 ± 6.81 | 0.026 |
| Overjet (mm) | 4.72 ± 2.99 | 4.64 ± 2.95 | 5.02 ± 3.10 | 0.804 |
| Overbite (mm) | 3.14 ± 1.80 | 2.99 ± 2.04 | 2.67 ± 2.44 | 0.556 |