Table 8.
Differences in hyoid and craniofacial measurements among the three groups in adults.
| Normal (N = 54) | Indeterminate (N = 143) | OA (N = 97) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 24.87 ± 4.88 | 27.23 ± 5.94 | 25.44 ± 6.79 | 0.017 |
|
| ||||
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 39 (72.22%) | 119 (83.22%) | 71 (73.20%) | 0.100 |
| Male | 15 (27.78%) | 24 (16.78%) | 26 (26.80%) | |
|
| ||||
| Hyoid measurements | ||||
| Hy-Ba (mm) | 74.56 ± 7.70 | 72.47 ± 6.99 | 74.23 ± 8.08 | 0.099 |
| Hy to SN (mm) | 103.45 ± 9.41 | 100.32 ± 7.99 | 103.04 ± 9.86 | 0.023 |
| Hy to FH (mm) | 84.77 ± 8.22 | 81.97 ± 7.14 | 84.37 ± 8.42 | 0.020 |
| Hy to PP (mm) | 59.95 ± 7.23 | 57.59 ± 6.22 | 59.57 ± 7.05 | 0.025 |
| Hy to MP (mm) | 13.81 ± 5.52 | 11.28 ± 5.48 | 13.13 ± 4.85 | 0.003 |
| Hy-RGn (mm) | 35.49 ± 4.95 | 33.74 ± 5.45 | 32.51 ± 5.20 | 0.004 |
| Hy-C3 (mm) | 33.61 ± 3.83 | 32.17 ± 3.42 | 33.18 ± 3.61 | 0.016 |
| Hy to C3-RGn (mm) | 4.40 ± 8.32 | 0.92 ± 7.90 | 2.02 ± 7.91 | 0.025 |
| C3-RGN (mm) | 66.54 ± 6.77 | 63.98 ± 6.61 | 63.61 ± 6.73 | 0.026 |
| Go-Hy-Me | 136.55 ± 15.82 | 143.10 ± 16.83 | 137.06 ± 15.18 | 0.005 |
| Hy-S (mm) | 103.75 ± 9.44 | 100.64 ± 8.00 | 103.34 ± 9.83 | 0.024 |
| Hy-C3-S (°) | 91.61 ± 10.62 | 90.40 ± 11.48 | 90.73 ± 11.22 | 0.796 |
| C3-Hy-S (°) | 95.74 ± 9.38 | 93.37 ± 6.95 | 95.77 ± 8.84 | 0.042 |
|
| ||||
| Craniofacial measurements | 0.048 | |||
| SNA (°) | 82.23 ± 2.99 | 82.21 ± 3.51 | 82.15 ± 3.24 | 0.986 |
| SNB (°) | 79.82 ± 3.59 | 78.96 ± 3.71 | 78.43 ± 4.32 | 0.113 |
| ANB (°) | 2.41 ± 2.51 | 3.24 ± 3.15 | 3.71 ± 3.69 | 0.062 |
| Wits (mm) | 0.12 ± 4.06 | 0.07 ± 4.51 | 0.36 ± 5.70 | 0.902 |
| FMA (°) | 21.55 ± 5.07 | 23.18 ± 5.96 | 26.01 ± 6.87 | <0.001 |
| FH-OP (°) | 5.18 ± 4.41 | 6.77 ± 4.24 | 7.52 ± 4.72 | 0.009 |
| Saddle angle (°) | 123.25 ± 3.48 | 123.09 ± 4.79 | 121.93 ± 4.15 | 0.084 |
| Articular angle (°) | 151.12 ± 5.11 | 152.70 ± 6.79 | 154.31 ± 7.00 | 0.015 |
| Gonial angle (°) | 115.57 ± 6.51 | 116.38 ± 6.97 | 118.80 ± 7.79 | 0.010 |
| Interincisal angle (°) | 125.53 ± 13.42 | 123.80 ± 13.57 | 121.95 ± 12.80 | 0.267 |
| Ramus height (mm) | 47.87 ± 5.26 | 46.97 ± 4.73 | 45.19 ± 6.13 | 0.006 |
| Mandibular body length (mm) | 71.49 ± 5.43 | 70.19 ± 5.00 | 69.97 ± 5.30 | 0.199 |
| Anterior cranial base length (mm) | 63.95 ± 3.68 | 63.39 ± 3.29 | 63.32 ± 3.36 | 0.512 |
| Posterior cranial base length (mm) | 34.59 ± 3.97 | 33.64 ± 3.03 | 33.37 ± 4.03 | 0.121 |
| Anterior facial height (mm) | 114.69 ± 7.69 | 115.11 ± 7.41 | 116.50 ± 8.20 | 0.273 |
| Posterior facial height (mm) | 79.86 ± 7.99 | 78.26 ± 6.26 | 76.50 ± 7.92 | 0.019 |
| Overjet (mm) | 3.36 ± 2.94 | 3.90 ± 2.73 | 3.91 ± 3.14 | 0.464 |
| Overbite (mm) | 2.79 ± 1.58 | 2.64 ± 1.88 | 2.18 ± 2.55 | 0.138 |