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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Matern Child Health J. 2021 Jun 19;26(4):814–822. doi: 10.1007/s10995-021-03189-1

Table 3.

Estimates of the natural direct, natural indirect and total effect of the association between the ICE and mortality mediated through chronic conditions (pre-pregnancy diabetes and/or chronic hypertension).a

RR Bootstrap Bias 95% CI
Total Effect 1.50 1.18 2.70
Controlled Direct Effect (CDE) 1.51 1.18 2.74
Natural Direct Effect (NDE) 1.51 1.18 2.74
Natural Indirect Effect (NIE) 2.68 2.59 2.85
a

Model controlled for urban/rural, age, education, poverty, and race.