Table 1. Extraction of data on seroprevalence and lethality of SARS-CoV-2 among indigenous people from the studies selected.
| Study | Country | Study design | Data source | Seroprevalence | Lethality | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Setting | Test | Sample | Mean age (SD)/Sex (%) | Prevalence (N of individuals with positive antibody test/sample) | Setting | Test | COVID-19 Cases | Mean age (SD)/Sex (%) | Lethality (N of COVID-19 patients diseased/N of COVID-19 Cases) | ||||
| (1) Baqui et al. (2020) | Brazil | Cross sectional | SIVEP-Gripe (public dataset from Feb 27 to May 4, 2020) | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | Hospital | RT-PCR | 15 | ND | 8/15 = 53.33% |
| (2) Hallal et al. (2020) | Brazil | Cross sectional | Household survey (conducted in 2 dates: May 14–21, and June 4–7, 2020,) | Community | WONDFO SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Test | Survey 1: 327 | ND | Survey 1: 12/327 = 4.2%* 95% CI [2.2–7.2] |
ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Survey 2: 440 | Survey 2: 24/440 = 6.3%* 95% CI [4.2–9.2] |
||||||||||||
| (3) Ortiz-Hernández & Pérez-Sastré (2020) | Mexico | Cross sectional | Data obtained by the Dirección General de Epidemiología de la Secretaría de Salud del Gobierno Federal of Mexico (data up to July 10 2020) | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | Hospital | Not specified: confirmed and suspicious cases were included | 1% (total numbers not specified) | ND | 19.9% (total numbers not specified) |
| (4) Palamim, Ortega & Marson (2020) | Brazil | Cross sectional | Special Secretariat for Indigenous Health (SESAI) database (data up to June 5 2020) | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | National | Not specified: confirmed and suspicious cases were included | 2,157 (confirmed cases = 1,737; suspected cases = 420) | ND | 70/2,157= 3.25% |
| (5) Santos et al. (2020) | Brazil | Cross sectional | Microdata catalog and official bulletins for each Brazilian state between 26 February and 28 August 2020 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | Community | Not specified: confirmed and suspicious cases were included | 29,008 | ND | 532/29,008= 1.83% |
| (6) Horta et al. (2020) | Brazil | Cross sectional | Household survey (conducted from May 14-21, June 4-7 and June 21-24) | Community | WONDFO SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Test | 1,219 | ND | 66/1,219 = 5.4% | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| (7) Argoty-Pantoja et al. (2021) | Mexico | Longitudinal | SISVER (February 27, 2020 until July 30, 2020) | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | National | SARS-CoV-2 infection certified by the Institute of Epidemiological Diagnosis and Reference (InDRE) | 4,469 | Age 50.4 (17.4) Male 2,656 (59.4%) | 768/4,469=17.2% |
| (8) Cifuentes et al. (2021) | Colombia | Retrospective cohort | SIVIGILA (2 March 2020 to 26 October 2020) | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | National | RT-PCR | 22,787 | ND | 776/22,787 = 3.41% |
| (9) da Silva et al. (2021a) | Brazil | Cross sectional | SIVEP-Gripe (January 1st to June 16 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020) | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | National | ND | 318 | Male 195 (61.32%) | 155/318 = 48.74% |
| (10) Escobar, Rodriguez & Monteiro (2020) | Brazil | Cross sectional | Brazilian National Health System Epidemiological Surveillance System Computerization Strategy (January 1 and August 20, 2020) | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | National | ND | 843 | ND | 12/843 =1.42% |
| (11) Hillesheim et al. (2020) | Brazil | Cross sectional | SIVEP-Gripe (Epidemiological Weeks 1 to 38, 2020 (up to 19/09/2020)) | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | National of hospitalized patients | Laboratory diagnosis – not specified | 113 | Study included children and adolescents (not specified) | 26/113 = 23% |
| (12) Ibarra-Nava et al. (2021) | Mexico | Cross sectional | SISVER (February 28 to August 3, 2020) | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | National | RT-PCR | 4,178 | Non survivors: Age: 63.4 (13.0) Male 461 (18.5%) | 691/4,178 = 16.5% |
| (13) Mendes et al. (2021) | Brazil | Cross sectional | Press releases by the Health Ministry of Brazil | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | National | Laboratory analysis (not specified) and by clinical criteria | 41,855 | ND | 549/41,855 = 1.31% |
| (14) Rodrigues et al. (2021) | Brazil | Cross sectional | Survey conducted on Xikrin of Bacajá people | Community | Rapid test (lateral flow method; Guangzhou Wondfo Biotech Co., China) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1 IgG, Euroimmun, Brazil) | 100 | Age 27.9 (range 8–82) Men 51 | 58 were IgG-reactive (58%) by a rapid test, and 73 (73%) were reactive in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| (15) da Silva et al. (2021a) | Brazil | Cross sectional | Communities in the municipality of Amaturá, Amazonas (January and August 2020) | Community | Rapid test (not specified) | 2,890 inhabitants | ND | Of the total inhabitants 109 were suspected of being infected with SARS-CoV-2, of which 89 were confirmed = 81.65% | Community | Rapid test (not specified) | 89 | Age 32.4 (±23.6) Female 50 (56.2%) | 0/89 |
Notes:
ND, No Data; SIVEP-Gripe, Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System; SISVER, Epidemiological Surveillance System for Viral Respiratory Diseases; RT-PCR, Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; SIVIGILA, National Public Health Surveillance System.
*
Adjusted for the design and validity of the test.