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. 2021 Oct 1;32(20):ar14. doi: 10.1091/mbc.E20-10-0666

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© 2021 Pino et al. “ASCB®,” “The American Society for Cell Biology®,” and “Molecular Biology of the Cell®” are registered trademarks of The American Society for Cell Biology.

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FIGURE 3: — Model describing the determinants of divergent Cdc42 dynamics in daughter cells. (A) Model results for WT cells. The levels of active Cdc42 are indicated by a ratio between the tip bound Cdc42 over the total Cdc42 in the cell (C_tip/C_total). The plot shows WT control results of model with tip aging, which match the results of a model by Das et al. (2012) without tip aging; Cdc42 is shown at the old (green) and new (red) cell ends. Following cell division, both wild-type daughter cells inherit a Cdc42 history that results in cells having similar Cdc42 dynamics. The tip-aging parameter time is shown in Supplemental Figure S3A. A difference to the model of (Das et al., 2012) without tip aging is that oscillations in the latter case are precisely symmetric, unlike the graphs in this panel in which the OE is stronger. (B) Diagram showing the predicted effect of previous history of Cdc42 activation on the symmetry of Cdc42 activation in rga4∆ daughter cells (Hypothesis 1). The mathematical model that describes Cdc42 dynamics (Das et al., 2012) was modified by 1) increasing the saturation constant and oscillation amplitude and 2) incorporating a tip-aging parameter based on the history of Cdc42 activation at the cell tips. The tip-aging parameter vs. time is shown in Supplemental Figure S3A. (C) Plots showing the effect of initial cell volume in rga4∆ cells (Hypothesis 2). Cells that start with half the volume of the mother or less (the first two graphs; the first graph has an initial value = 6.5 as in A and B; the second graph has an initial value = 2.925) remain asymmetric, while those that start with larger volume (the third graph, starting with = 11.7) encounter the coexistence region and exhibit symmetric oscillations for most part of their growth, corresponding to bipolar growth. (D) Results of a model with unequal distribution of Cdc42 regulators, represented by a growth-dependent rate constant (Hypothesis 3). The corresponding dependence of on time is shown in Supplemental Figure S3B. Units of time are minutes.

Inline graphic — Model describing the determinants of divergent Cdc42 dynamics in daughter cells. (A) Model results for WT cells. The levels of active Cdc42 are indicated by a ratio between the tip bound Cdc42 over the total Cdc42 in the cell (C_tip/C_total). The plot shows WT control results of model with tip aging, which match the results of a model by Das et al. (2012) without tip aging; Cdc42 is shown at the old (green) and new (red) cell ends. Following cell division, both wild-type daughter cells inherit a Cdc42 history that results in cells having similar Cdc42 dynamics. The tip-aging parameter time is shown in Supplemental Figure S3A. A difference to the model of (Das et al., 2012) without tip aging is that oscillations in the latter case are precisely symmetric, unlike the graphs in this panel in which the OE is stronger. (B) Diagram showing the predicted effect of previous history of Cdc42 activation on the symmetry of Cdc42 activation in rga4∆ daughter cells (Hypothesis 1). The mathematical model that describes Cdc42 dynamics (Das et al., 2012) was modified by 1) increasing the saturation constant and oscillation amplitude and 2) incorporating a tip-aging parameter based on the history of Cdc42 activation at the cell tips. The tip-aging parameter vs. time is shown in Supplemental Figure S3A. (C) Plots showing the effect of initial cell volume in rga4∆ cells (Hypothesis 2). Cells that start with half the volume of the mother or less (the first two graphs; the first graph has an initial value = 6.5 as in A and B; the second graph has an initial value = 2.925) remain asymmetric, while those that start with larger volume (the third graph, starting with = 11.7) encounter the coexistence region and exhibit symmetric oscillations for most part of their growth, corresponding to bipolar growth. (D) Results of a model with unequal distribution of Cdc42 regulators, represented by a growth-dependent rate constant (Hypothesis 3). The corresponding dependence of on time is shown in Supplemental Figure S3B. Units of time are minutes.