TABLE 1.
List of the key genes involved in multiple layers of regulation on leaf senescence.
| Gene | Species | Effects | Regulation | References |
| AtHD1 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Delay | Chromatin level | Pandey et al., 2002 |
| AtSRT1 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Delay | Chromatin level | Liu et al., 2017 |
| BRAHMA | Arabidopsis thaliana | Delay | Chromatin level | Efroni et al., 2013 |
| DRD1/DDM1 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Chromatin level | Cho et al., 2016 |
| HAC1 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Chromatin level | Hinckley et al., 2019 |
| HDA9 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Delay | Chromatin level | Zheng et al., 2016 |
| HDA15 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Delay | Chromatin level | Shen et al., 2019 |
| HDA19 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Delay | Chromatin level | Ueda et al., 2018 |
| HD2C | Arabidopsis thaliana | Delay | Chromatin level | Buszewicz et al., 2016 |
| JMJ16 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Chromatin level | Liu et al., 2019 |
| SUVH2 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Delay | Chromatin level | Ay et al., 2009 |
| REF6 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Chromatin level | Wang et al., 2019 |
| WRKY6 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Transcription level | Robatzek and Somssich, 2001 |
| WRKY22 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Transcription level | Zhou et al., 2011 |
| WRKY42 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Transcription level | Niu et al., 2020 |
| WRKY45 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Transcription level | Chen et al., 2017 |
| WRKY46 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Transcription level | Zhang D. et al., 2021 |
| WRKY53 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Transcription level | Zentgraf et al., 2010 |
| WRKY54/WRKY70 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Delay | Transcription level | Besseau et al., 2012 |
| WRKY55 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Transcription level | Wang et al., 2020 |
| WRKY57 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Delay | Transcription level | Jiang et al., 2014 |
| WRKY75 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Transcription level | Guo P. et al., 2017 |
| GhWRKY42 | Gossypium hirsutum | Promote | Transcription level | Gu et al., 2018 |
| GhWRKY91 | Gossypium hirsutum | Delay | Transcription level | Gu et al., 2019 |
| CpWRKY71 | Chimonanthus praecox | Promote | Transcription level | Huang et al., 2019 |
| OsWRKY42 | Oryza sativa | Promote | Transcription level | Han et al., 2014 |
| OsWRKY93 | Oryza sativa | Promote | Transcription level | Li Y. et al., 2021 |
| BnaWSR1 | Brassica napus | Promote | Transcription level | Cui et al., 2020 |
| BnaWGR1 | Brassica napus | Promote | Transcription level | Yang et al., 2018 |
| BrWRKY6 | Brassica rapa var. parachinensis | Promote | Transcription level | Fan et al., 2018 |
| AtNAP | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Transcription level | Guo and Gan, 2006 |
| AtNAC3 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Transcription level | Hickman et al., 2013 |
| ATAF1 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Transcription level | Garapati et al., 2015 |
| ANAC016 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Transcription level | Kim et al., 2013 |
| ANAC017, VNI1, and ANAC090 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Delay | Transcription level | Woo et al., 2016 |
| ANAC019 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Transcription level | Lee et al., 2015 |
| ANAC032 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Transcription level | Mahmood et al., 2016 |
| ANAC046 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Transcription level | Oda-Yamamizo et al., 2016 |
| ANAC072 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Transcription level | Li S. et al., 2016 |
| NAC075 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Delay | Transcription level | Kan et al., 2021 |
| ANAC102 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Transcription level | Nakashima et al., 2012 |
| JUB1 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Delay | Transcription level | Wu et al., 2012 |
| NTL9 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Transcription level | Yoon et al., 2008 |
| ORE1 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Transcription level | Kim et al., 2009 |
| ORS1 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Transcription level | Balazadeh et al., 2011 |
| PIF4 and PIF5 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Transcription level | Sakuraba et al., 2014; Song et al., 2014 |
| VNI2 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Delay | Transcription level | Yang et al., 2011 |
| BnaNAC87 | Brassica napus | Promote | Transcription level | Yan et al., 2018 |
| lbNAC1 | Ipomoea batatas | Promote | Transcription level | Chen et al., 2016 |
| MpSNAC67 | Musa x paradisiaca | Promote | Transcription level | Tak et al., 2018 |
| MlNAC5 | Miscanthus lutarioriparius | Promote | Transcription level | Yang et al., 2015 |
| NtNAC080 | Nicotiana tabacum | Promote | Transcription level | Li et al., 2018 |
| NAM-B1 | Triticum turgidum | Promote | Transcription level | Uauy et al., 2006 |
| TaNAC-S | Triticum turgidum | Delay | Transcription level | Zhao et al., 2015 |
| ONAC011 | Oryza sativa | Promote | Transcription level | El Mannai et al., 2017 |
| ONAC096 | Oryza sativa | Delay | Transcription level | Kang et al., 2019 |
| ONAC106 | Oryza sativa | Delay | Transcription level | Sakuraba et al., 2015 |
| OsNAC2 | Oryza sativa | Promote | Transcription level | Mao et al., 2017 |
| OsNAP | Oryza sativa | Promote | Transcription level | Liang et al., 2014 |
| OsDOS | Oryza sativa | Delay | Transcription level | Kong et al., 2006 |
| SlNAP1 and SlNAP2, | Solanum lycopersicon | Promote | Transcription level | Ma et al., 2018 |
| SlORE1S06, SlORE1S03, and SlORE1S02 | Solanum lycopersicon | Promote | Transcription level | Lira et al., 2017 |
| SiNAC1 | Setaria italica | Promote | Transcription level | Ren et al., 2018 |
| GmNAC065 and GmNAC085 | Glycine max | Promote | Transcription level | Melo et al., 2018 |
| GmNAC81 | Glycine max | Promote | Transcription level | Pimenta et al., 2016 |
| GhNAC12 | Gossypium hirsutum | Promote | Transcription level | Zhao et al., 2016 |
| AIF2 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Delay | Transcription level | Kim et al., 2020 |
| AP2 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Delay | Transcription level | Balanza et al., 2018 |
| bHLH03, bHLH13, bHLH14, and bHLH17 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Delay | Transcription level | Qi et al., 2015 |
| CRF1, CRF2, CRF3, CRF5, and CRF6 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Transcription level | Raines et al., 2016 |
| CBF2 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Delay | Transcription level | Sharabi-Schwager et al., 2010 |
| DEAR1 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Transcription level | Tsutsui et al., 2009 |
| FYF | Arabidopsis thaliana | Delay | Transcription level | Chen et al., 2011 |
| IAA17 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Transcription level | Shi et al., 2015 |
| KHZ1 and KHZ2 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Transcription level | Yan et al., 2017 |
| MYC2, MYC3, and MYC4 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Transcription level | Qi et al., 2015 |
| MYC5 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Transcription level | Song et al., 2017 |
| JAZ7 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Transcription level | Yu et al., 2016 |
| MdbHLH3 | Malusdomestica | Promote | Transcription level | Hu et al., 2020 |
| AtMYBL | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Transcription level | Zhang et al., 2011 |
| MYB2 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Transcription level | Buchanan-Wollaston et al., 2005 |
| MYBR1 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Delay | Transcription level | Jaradat et al., 2013 |
| MYBH | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Transcription level | Huang et al., 2015 |
| ORE15 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Delay | Transcription level | Kim J. H. et al., 2018 |
| OsMYC2 | Oryza sativa | Promote | Transcription level | Uji et al., 2017 |
| OsMYB102 | Oryza sativa | Delay | Transcription level | Piao et al., 2019 |
| Rap2.4f | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Transcription level | Xu et al., 2010 |
| REVOLUTA | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Transcription level | Xie Y. et al., 2014 |
| RAV1 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Transcription level | Woo et al., 2010 |
| ScMYB2S1 | Sugarcane | Promote | Transcription level | Guo X. et al., 2017 |
| SlERF36 | Solanum lycopersicon | Promote | Transcription level | Upadhyay et al., 2013 |
| SUB1A | Oryza sativa | Delay | Transcription level | Fukao et al., 2012 |
| SlFYFL | Solanum lycopersicon | Delay | Transcription level | Xie Q. et al., 2014 |
| SlMBP11 | Solanum lycopersicon | Delay | Transcription level | Guo X. et al., 2017 |
| TCP2, TCP4, and TOP10 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Transcription level | Schommer et al., 2008 |
| CFM4 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Post-transcriptional level | Lee et al., 2014 |
| ERF4 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Post-transcriptional level | Koyama et al., 2013; Riester et al., 2019 |
| miR156 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Delay | Post-transcriptional level | Wang, 2014 |
| miR164 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Delay | Post-transcriptional level | Kim et al., 2009 |
| miR172 | Zea mays | Delay | Post-transcriptional level | Wu et al., 2016 |
| miR319 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Post-transcriptional level | Schommer et al., 2008 |
| miR840 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Delay | Post-transcriptional level | Yujun et al., 2019 |
| ONAC054 | Oryza sativa | Promote | Post-transcriptional level | Sakuraba et al., 2020 |
| PtRD26 | Populus | Delay | Post-transcriptional level | Wang et al., 2021 |
| SlymiR208 | Solanum lycopersicon | Promote | Post-transcriptional level | Zhang Y. et al., 2020 |
| ScMYB2 | Saccharum officinarum | Promote | Post-transcriptional level | Guo X. et al., 2017 |
| u11-48k | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Post-transcriptional level | Xu et al., 2016 |
| eIF5A | Picrorhiza kurrooa | Delay | Translation level | Parkash et al., 2014 |
| LreEF1A4 | Petunia hybrida | Delay | Translation level | Sun et al., 2020 |
| SPL33 | Oryza sativa | Delay | Translation level | Wang et al., 2017 |
| AtSARK | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Post-translational level | Xu et al., 2011 |
| AtWAKL10 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Delay | Post-translational level | Li L. et al., 2021 |
| ATG4a/4b | Arabidopsis thaliana | Delay | Post-translational level | Yoshimoto et al., 2004 |
| ATG9 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Delay | Post-translational level | Hanaoka et al., 2002 |
| ATG10 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Delay | Post-translational level | Phillips et al., 2008 |
| ATG18a | Arabidopsis thaliana | Delay | Post-translational level | Xiong et al., 2005 |
| EDR1 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Delay | Post-translational level | Frye et al., 2001 |
| MKK4/5,MPK1/2 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Post-translational level | Zhang Y. et al., 2020 |
| MAPKKK18 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Post-translational level | Matsuoka et al., 2015 |
| MPK6/MKK9 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Post-translational level | Zhou et al., 2009 |
| GmSARK | Glycine max | Promote | Post-translational level | Li et al., 2006 |
| OsMAPKKK1 | Oryza sativa | Promote | Post-translational level | Wang et al., 2015 |
| PUB12/PUB13 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Delay | Post-translational level | Zhou et al., 2015 |
| RPN10 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Post-translational level | Lin et al., 2011 |
| RPN5a | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Post-translational level | Book et al., 2009 |
| SAUR49 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Post-translational level | Wen et al., 2020 |
| SERK4 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Delay | Post-translational level | Li et al., 2019 |
| UPL5 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Delay | Post-translational level | Zentgraf et al., 2010 |
| UBP12/UBP13 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Post-translational level | Park et al., 2019 |
| UBA2 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Promote | Post-transcriptional level | Kim et al., 2008 |