Table 2.
Summary statistics for the United States, Ohio, and Synthetic Ohio.
| State average | Ohio | Synthetic Ohio | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Panel [A] Outcome variables in the pre-treatment period | |||
| Share of population with any vaccination by April 2, 2021 (%) | 30.21 | 30.04 | 30.18 |
| Share of population with any vaccination by May 12, 2021 (%) | 45.63 | 41.90 | 41.82 |
| Total COVID-19 cases per 100k population by May 12, 2021 | 9576 | 9214 | 9213 |
| Total COVID-19 ICU patient-days per 100k pop. by May 12 | 1430 | 1450 | 1449 |
| Panel [B] Covariates in the pre-treatment period | |||
| Share of population of age 12 to 17 (%) | 7.47 | 7.54 | 8.16 |
| Share of population of age 18 or older (%) | 77.06 | 77.22 | 74.46 |
| Population density in 2020 (people per square mile) | 423.64 | 288.80 | 240.56 |
| Gross domestic product per capita in 2020 ($) | 61,791 | 57,209 | 57,905 |
| Republican presidential vote share in 2020 (%) | 49.12 | 53.27 | 53.53 |
| Influenza vaccination rate in 2019 (%) | 47.41 | 50.00 | 49.99 |
| Community Mobility Report index for retail/recreation | 7.66 | 5.59 | 5.63 |
| Community Mobility Report index for grocery/pharmacy | 1.22 | 1.65 | 1.56 |
| Community Mobility Report index for parks | 31.04 | 70.58 | 70.16 |
| Community Mobility Report index for transit stations | 15.77 | 8.59 | 8.41 |
| Community Mobility Report index for workplaces | 23.30 | 20.99 | 21.02 |
| Community Mobility Report index for residences | 6.13 | 5.30 | 5.32 |
| Median distance of pop. to closest vaccination site (miles) | 1.10 | 0.91 | 0.91 |
| 95th percentile distance to closest vaccination site (miles) | 11.08 | 7.01 | 6.99 |
Notes:Table 2 presents summary statistics for the United States, Ohio, and Synthetic Ohio. Ohio’s Vax-A-Million incentive program was announced on May 12, 2021 and lottery entry ended on June 20, 2021. Panel [A] shows values for the dependent variables during the pre-treatment time period(s) indicated. These outcomes are: the share of population with at least a first dose of any COVID-19 vaccination, the cumulative total COVID-19 cases per 100,000 population, and the cumulative total COVID-19 hospital ICU patient-days per 100,000 population. Panel [B] shows values for state covariates during 2019 or 2020, as indicated, or during the pre-treatment analysis period of February 19 through May 11, 2021. Each Community Mobility Report index can take values ranging from to 100. Google defines these using movement of people’s cell phones to different places, with the baseline zero-value for each index set during January 3 through February 6, 2020. We compute the distance measures of state population to vaccination sites using Census Block Group population centers and the locations of all vaccination sites in the United States.