Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics between survivors and non-survivors at 1 year.
| Characteristics | Overall (n = 6,122) | Survivors (n = 4,516) | Non-survivors (n = 1,606) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR) | 66 (55, 76) | 65.0 (54.0, 74.0) | 69.0 (58.0, 79.0) | <0.001 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 3,704 (60.503) | 2,790 (61.780) | 914 (56.912) | <0.001 |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 27.84 (24.39, 31.84) | 28.04 (24.67, 32.04) | 27.06 (23.55, 31.24) | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Drug abuse, n (%) | 208 (3.398) | 156 (3.454) | 52 (3.238) | 0.681 |
| Alcohol abuse, n (%) | 474 (7.743) | 331 (7.329) | 143 (8.904) | 0.043 |
| Coagulopathy, n (%) | 1,153 (18.834) | 661 (14.637) | 492 (30.635) | <0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 816 (13.329) | 384 (8.503) | 432 (26.899) | <0.001 |
| Liver disease, n (%) | 463 (7.563) | 250 (5.536) | 213 (13.263) | <0.001 |
| Renal failure, n (%) | 869 (14.195) | 526 (11.647) | 343 (21.357) | <0.001 |
| hypothyroidism, n (%) | 617 (10.078) | 460 (10.186) | 157 (9.776) | 0.639 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 1,448 (23.652) | 1,080 (23.915) | 368 (22.914) | 0.418 |
| Chronic pulmonary, n (%) | 1,179 (19.258) | 818 (18.113) | 361 (22.478) | <0.001 |
| hypertension, n (%) | 758 (12.382) | 481 (10.651) | 277 (17.248) | <0.001 |
| Laboratory test | ||||
| WBC mean, median (IQR) | 11.93 (8.9, 15.55) | 11.85 (9.13, 15.2) | 12.3 (8.1, 16.74) | 0.347 |
| BUN mean, median (IQR) | 18.33 (13.0, 29.4) | 16.5 (12.5, 23.5) | 28.5 (18.0, 47.5) | <0.001 |
| Sodium mean, median (IQR) | 138.0 (136.0, 140.2) | 138.0 (136.2, 140.0) | 138.4 (135.33, 141.5) | 0.002 |
| PT mean, median (IQR) | 14.65 (13.6, 16.2) | 14.47 (13.5, 15.7) | 15.6 (13.95, 18.6) | <0.001 |
| INR mean, median (IQR) | 1.3 (1.2, 1.5) | 1.3 (1.2, 1.4) | 1.43 (1.2, 1.8) | <0.001 |
| Potassium mean, median (IQR) | 4.19 (3.87, 4.5) | 4.2 (3.9, 4.49) | 4.15 (3.8, 4.6) | 0.095 |
| Platelet mean, median (IQR) | 175.33 (130.33, 233.33) | 176.33 (136.0, 228.5) | 172.0 (109.67, 253.5) | 0.007 |
| Lactate mean, median (IQR) | 1.93 (1.4, 2.7) | 1.9 (1.4, 2.6) | 2.0 (1.4, 3.1) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin mean, median (IQR) | 10.15 (9.15, 11.4) | 10.2 (9.18, 11.4) | 10.0 (9.05, 11.3) | 0.001 |
| Glucose mean, median (IQR) | 130.57 (116.0, 150.89) | 129.67 (116.43, 146.5) | 135.25 (114.4, 166.86) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine mean, median (IQR) | 0.95 (0.72, 1.37) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.18) | 1.27 (0.83, 2.24) | <0.001 |
| PH mean, median (IQR) | 7.38 (7.34, 7.41) | 7.38 (7.34, 7.41) | 7.37 (7.31, 7.42) | <0.001 |
| Vital sign | ||||
| SpO2 mean, median (IQR) | 97.77 (96.52, 98.81) | 97.86 (96.72, 98.86) | 97.47 (95.88, 98.7) | <0.001 |
| BT mean, median (IQR) | 36.81 (36.43, 37.24) | 36.85 (36.47, 37.25) | 36.74 (36.32, 37.21) | <0.001 |
| Resp rate mean, median (IQR) | 18.12 (16.08, 21.17) | 17.7 (15.86, 20.25) | 20.0 (17.19, 23.69) | <0.001 |
| Mean bp mean, median (IQR) | 75.11 (70.17, 81.36) | 75.44 (70.79, 81.27) | 74.02 (68.07, 81.73) | <0.001 |
| Dias bp mean, median (IQR) | 58.39 (53.15, 64.3) | 58.64 (53.77, 64.37) | 57.51 (51.26, 64.07) | <0.001 |
| Sys bp mean, median (IQR) | 112.86 (105.52, 122.26) | 113.35 (106.45, 122.03) | 111.22 (102.62, 123.08) | <0.001 |
| Heartrate mean, median (IQR) | 85.83 (77.53, 96.52) | 84.77 (77.35, 94.74) | 88.91 (78.05, 101.72) | <0.001 |
| Score system | ||||
| SPAS II, median (IQR) | 38 (30, 48) | 35.0 (28.0, 44.0) | 48.0 (38.0, 57.0) | <0.001 |
| SOFA, median (IQR) | 5 (3, 8) | 5.0 (3.0, 7.0) | 7.0 (4.0, 10.0) | <0.001 |
| AKI 7-day, (%) | 4,563 (74.534) | 3,268 (72.365) | 1,295 (80.635) | <0.001 |
| Hospital stay ≥ 14 days, n (%) | 2,092 (34.172) | 1,359 (30.093) | 733 (45.641) | <0.001 |
| ICU stay ≥ 3 days, n (%) | 3,422 (55.897) | 2,265 (50.155) | 1,157 (72.042) | <0.001 |
| Survival time, median (IQR) | 11.15 (6.26, 27.17) | 9.89 (6.08, 19.68) | 22.2 (8.08, 78.7) | <0.001 |
BMI, body mass index; WBC, white blood cell count; BUN, Blood urea nitrogen; PT, prothrombin time; INR, international normalized ratio; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; SPASII, simplified acute physiology score; AKI, acute kidney injury; ICU, the intensive care unit; SpO2, pulse oxygen saturation; PH, potential of hydrogen; BT, body temperature; Data are represented as median (interquartile range) or n (%).