Table 2.
League table presenting all network meta-analysis estimates of pain outcome at immediate-term (1 week)
| Inert treatment | |||||||||
| 0.13 (−0.62, 0.87) | Acupuncture | ||||||||
| 0.20 (−0.63, 1.02) | 0.07 (−1.04, 1.17) | Education | |||||||
| 1.40 (0.40, 2.41) | 1.28 (0.04, 2.51) | 1.21 (0.31, 2.11) | Exercise | ||||||
| 1.38 (0.17, 2.60) | 1.25 (−0.16, 2.67) | 1.19 (0.17, 2.20) | −0.02 (−1.03, 0.99) | Heat wrap | |||||
| 0.72 (0.04, 1.40) | 0.59 (−0.38, 1.55) | 0.52 (−0.44, 1.48) | −0.69 (−1.67, 0.29) | −0.67 (−1.92, 0.58) | Manual therapy | ||||
| 0.55 (−0.12, 1.23) | 0.42 (−0.58, 1.43) | 0.36 (−0.71, 1.42) | −0.85 (−2.07, 0.36) | −0.83 (−2.22, 0.56) | −0.17 (−1.12, 0.79) | Muscle relaxant | |||
| 0.53 (0.09, 0.97) | 0.40 (−0.35, 1.15) | 0.33 (−0.58, 1.25) | −0.88 (−1.93, 0.18) | −0.85 (−2.12, 0.41) | −0.19 (−0.89, 0.51) | −0.02 (−0.83, 0.78) | NSAIDs | ||
| 0.86 (0.10, 1.62) | 0.73 (−0.25, 1.71) | 0.67 (−0.44, 1.77) | −0.54 (−1.77, 0.68) | −0.52 (−1.93, 0.89) | 0.15 (−0.80, 1.09) | 0.31 (−0.71, 1.33) | 0.33 (−0.32, 0.98) | Opioids | |
| 0.45 (−0.15, 1.06) | 0.32 (−0.57, 1.22) | 0.26 (−0.75, 1.26) | −0.95 (−2.10, 0.19) | −0.93 (−2.27, 0.41) | −0.26 (−1.11, 0.58) | −0.10 (−1.00, 0.81) | −0.08 (−0.63, 0.48) | −0.41 (−1.15, 0.34) | Paracetamol |
Interventions are reported in alphabetical order from left to right except for reference treatment (inert treatment). The estimate is in the cell where the column-defining treatment and the row-defining treatment intersect. For efficacy SMD>0 favours the row-defining treatment whereas SMD<0 favours the column-defining treatment. Significant results are given in bold.
NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; SMD, standardised mean difference.