Table 1. Expression of RPs in common human cancers with an emphasis on the targets involved in this deregulation.

Type of cancer	Ribosomal proteins	Level of expression	Targets	Reference
Colon cancer	RPS3	Increased	p53 and LDH	[29,30]
	RPS9, RPS15a	Increased	CDK1	[21,31]
	RPS27	Increased	JNK/c-Jun	[25]
	RPL9	Increased	NFκB	[34]
	RPS2, S3A, S4X, S5, S6, S8, S11, S12, S19, S23, S24, S27a, L3, L5, L6, L7, L8, L15, L18, L18a, L19, L28, L29, L31, L35, and P0	Increased	Not available
	RPS5	Decreased	HIF-1α, GLUT4, LDHB	[40]
	RPSa, S7, S8, S12, S18, S24, L3, L13a, L18, L28, L32, and L35a	Decreased	Not available
Prostate cancer	RPL31	Increased	p53 and its targets: p21 and MDM2	[48]
	RPS2	Increased	let-7a	[50]
	RPS7	Increased	E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Snail; c-Myc	[54,55]
	RPS6, S6K, S14S16, S18, S19, S21, S24, L4, L5, L7a, L10, L19, L21L, L22L, L23a, L30, L32, and L37	Increased	Not available
Breast cancer	RPS3	Increased	XIAP	[60]
	RPS15A	Increased	Caspase 3/7; ERK1/2, Bad and Chk1	[62]
	RPL24	Increased	Cyclin D1, survivin and NBS1	[67]
	RPL19	Increased	UPR, including PERK, eIF2a, and p38 MAPK-associated stress signaling pathway	[68]
	RPL32	Increased	MMP-2 and MMP-9	[70]
	RPS6, S19, L15, and L39	Increased	Not available
	RPL5	Decreased	G2/M cell cycle	[72]
	RPS27L	Decreased	β-TrCP	[73]
	RPS9, S14, S27, S27L, L11 and L14	Decreased	Not available
Liver cancer	RPS6K	Increased	Akt-mTOR-p70S6K signaling pathway	[80,81]
	RPS15A	Increased	Wnt/β-catenin pathway	[85]
	RPS3	Increased	SIRT1	[86]
	RPS3a	Increased	NFκB	[93]
	RPL5, L11	Increased	MDM2	[96]
	RPSA, S2, S4X, S5, S6, S20, S24, S27A, S8, L4, L5, L8, L11, L12, L21, L23a, L27, L27a, L30, L31, L35a, L36, L37a, L39L and P0	Increased	Not available
	RPS27A	Decreased	YB-1	[95]
Pancreatic cancer	RPSA	Increased	MAPK; TRPM7	[98]
	RPL34	Increased	MAPK and p53	[100]
	RPS15A	Increased	Wnt/β-catenin pathway	[101]
	P-RPS6	Increased	p53	[104]
	RPL10	Increased	p65 and IKKγ	[106]
	RPL21	Increased	Caspase 8	[109]
	RPS6KA2, S8, L26, L29, L34 and L39	Increased	Not available
	RPL15	Decreased	Not available
Gastric cancer	RPS13, L6	Increased	p27kip1	[115,116]
	RPL23	Increased	Glutathione S-transferase-mediated drug-detoxifying system	[110]
	RPS15A	Increased	NFκB pathway through Akt/IKK-β signaling axis	[117]
	RPL15	Increased	p56	[119]
	RPS6	Increased	PI3/AKT/mTOR/RPS6 pathway	[121]
	RPS27, L13 and L23	Increased	Not available
	RPL11	Decreased	p53 pathway	[120]
Lung cancer	RPS6	Increased	AKT2/mTOR/p70S6K	[125]
	RPL19	Increased	cyclinD1 and D3	[127]
	RPS27L	Increased	FANCD2 and FANCI	[133]
	RPS3, S3A, S15A, S27L, L9, L19 and L34	Increased	Not available
	RPL3	Decreased	IκB-α	[132]
	RPS29	Decreased	Down-regulating Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L) and survivin; up-regulating p53 and Bax	[131]
	RPL22	Decreased	Not available