TABLE 2.
Prevalence of sleep medication (prescribed and over the counter) and melatonin use by independent variables among Norwegian nurses (N = 2,798)
| Independent variables | Prescribed sleep medication (N = 210, 7.5%) | Sleep medication over the counter (N = 130, 4.6%) | Melatonin (N = 56, 2.0%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % (N) | p‐value a | % (N) | p‐value a | % (N) | p‐value a | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 7.6 (191) | .703 | 4.7 (118) | .619 | 1.9 (47) | .111 |
| Male | 6.9 (19) | 4.0 (11) | 3.3 (9) | |||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 21–25 | 3.9 (30) | <.001 | 3.2 (25) | .081 | 1.2 (9) | .001 |
| 26–30 | 6.0 (42) | 5.0 (35) | 2.0 (14) | |||
| 31–35 | 7.5 (41) | 4.4 (24) | 1.3 (7) | |||
| 36–40 | 8.7 (28) | 5.0 (16) | 1.9 (6) | |||
| >40 | 15.5 (69) | 6.7 (30) | 4.5 (20) | |||
| Marital status | ||||||
| Partner | 6.7 (128) | .015 | 4.6 (87) | .652 | 1.6 (31) | .029 |
| Single | 9.3 (81) | 5.0 (43) | 2.9 (25) | |||
| Children living at home | ||||||
| Yes | 6.6 (72) | .222 | 3.4 (37) | .011 | 2.5 (27) | .177 |
| No | 7.8 (123) | 5.5 (86) | 1.7 (27) | |||
| Work experience (years) | ||||||
| <1 | 5.1 (39) | .003 | 3.2 (25) | .012 | 1.7 (13) | .914 |
| 1–2 | 7.2 (53) | 5.0 (37) | 2.2 (16) | |||
| 3–5 | 7.7 (37) | 6.2 (30) | 2.1 (10) | |||
| 6–10 | 9.1 (54) | 3.9 (23) | 2.4 (14) | |||
| >10 | 12.9 (23) | 8.4 (15) | 1.7 (3) | |||
| Average hours worked per week | ||||||
| ≤20 | 9.4 (15) | .119 | 5.0 (8) | .736 | 1.3 (2) | .158 |
| 20.1–30 | 8.8 (56) | 4.9 (31) | 2.7 (17) | |||
| 31.1–37.5 | 6.2 (85) | 4.2 (57) | 1.5 (21) | |||
| 37.6–40 | 8.4 (37) | 5.7 (25) | 3.2 (14) | |||
| >40 | 5.2 (7) | 5.2 (7) | 1.5 (2) | |||
| Type of workplace | ||||||
| Acute care | 171 (7.8) | .303 | 115 (5.2) | .019 | 42 (1.9) | .965 |
| Community‐based care | 27 (6.3) | 11 (2.6) | 8 (1.9) | |||
| Shift work schedule | ||||||
| Schedule without night work | 7.9 (78) | .487 | 4.5 (44) | .680 | 2.5 (25) | .132 |
| Schedule with night work | 7.2 (127) | 4.8 (85) | 1.7 (30) | |||
| Number of night shifts | ||||||
| 0 | 8.7 (60) | .001 | 3.8 (26) | .281 | 2.5 (17) | .180 |
| 1–20 | 6.8 (64) | 4.6 (43) | 2.0 (19) | |||
| 21–40 | 5.7 (35) | 5.4 (33) | 1.6 (10) | |||
| 41–60 | 5.9 (15) | 3.5 (9) | 0.4 (1) | |||
| >60 | 13.4 (34) | 6.7 (17) | 3.2 (8) | |||
| Number of quick returns | ||||||
| 0 | 10.0 (31) | .083 | 3.5 (11) | .631 | 2.3 (7) | .855 |
| 1–20 | 5.8 (52) | 4.4 (39) | 1.8 (16) | |||
| 21–40 | 6.5 (37) | 5.1 (29) | 1.9 (11) | |||
| 41–60 | 8.1 (44) | 5.7 (31) | 1.7 (9) | |||
| >60 | 8.8 (30) | 4.4 (15) | 2.6 (9) | |||
| Sleep duration | ||||||
| <6 hr | 21.6 (36) | <.001 | 11.4 (19) | <.001 | 7.8 (13) | <.001 |
| 6‐<7 hr | 9.2 (73) | 6.3 (50) | 2.5 (20) | |||
| 7‐<8 hr | 5.7 (67) | 3.5 (42) | 1.3 (15) | |||
| 8–9 hr | 5.1 (31) | 2.8 (17) | 1.3 (8) | |||
| >9 hr | 8.0 (2) | 4.0 (1) | 0.0 (0) | |||
| Excessive daytime sleepiness | ||||||
| No | 7.2 (146) | .280 | 4.2 (85) | .055 | 1.9 (38) | .410 |
| Yes | 8.4 (64) | 5.9 (45) | 2.4 (18) | |||
| Shift work disorder (SWD) | ||||||
| No | 4.9 (85) | <.001 | 2.4 (44) | <.001 | 1.2 (22) | <.001 |
| Yes | 13.0 (125) | 8.9 (86) | 3.5 (34) | |||
| Insomnia | ||||||
| No | 2.5 (34) | <.001 | 1.7 (23) | <.001 | 0.5 (7) | <.001 |
| Yes | 12.1 (176) | 7.4 (107) | 3.4 (49) | |||
| Anxiety | ||||||
| No | 5.4 (119) | <.001 | 3.6 (80) | <.001 | 1.5 (33) | <.001 |
| Yes | 16.2 (91) | 8.7 (49) | 4.1 (23) | |||
| Depression | ||||||
| No | 6.4 (162) | <.001 | 4.3 (109) | .006 | 1.9 (47) | .051 |
| Yes | 19.7 (48) | 8.2 (20) | 3.7 (9) | |||
a
p‐value from a Pearson's chi‐squared test.