TABLE 3.
Crude and adjusted relative risk of sleep medication (prescribed or over the counter) and melatonin use by demographic and work‐related factors among Norwegian nurses (N = 2,798)
| Independent variable | Prescribed sleep medication | Over‐the‐counter sleep medication | Melatonin | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude RR (95% CI) | Adjusted RR a (95% CI) | Crude RR (95% CI) | Adjusted RR a (95% CI) | Crude RR (95% CI) | Adjusted RR a (95% CI) | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| Male | 0.92 (0.58–1.44) | 1.06 (0.66–1.70) | 0.86 (0.47–1.57) | 0.85 (0.45–1.62) | 1.76 (0.87–3.56) | 2.09 (1.01–4.34) |
| Age (years) | 1.06 (1.04–1.07) | 1.06 (1.05–1.08) | 1.02 (1.01–1.04) | 1.03 (1.01–1.05) | 1.05 (1.02–1.08) | 1.06 (1.03–1.10) |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Partner | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| Single | 1.39 (1.06–1.81) | 1.59 (1.16–2.18) | 1.09 (0.76–1.55) | 0.94 (0.63–1.40) | 1.77 (1.05–2.98) | 2.25 (1.23–4.14) |
| Children living at home | ||||||
| Yes | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| No | 1.19 (0.90–1.58) | 1.53 (1.10–2.14) | 1.62 (1.11–2.36) | 2.29 (1.52–3.44) | 0.70 (0.41–1.18) | 0.80 (0.40–1.58) |
| Work experience (years) | 1.05 (1.03–1.08) | 1.01 (0.98–1.03) | 1.04 (1.01–1.07) | 1.01 (0.98–1.06) | 1.01 (0.96–1.06) | 0.98 (0.92–1.03) |
| Average hours worked per week | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) | 0.99 (0.97–1.02) | 0.98 (0.96–1.01) | 1.01 (0.97–1.06) | 1.01 (0.96–1.06) |
| Type of workplace | ||||||
| Acute care | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| Community‐based care | 0.81 (0.55–1.21) | 1.00 (0.66–1.52) | 0.49 (0.27–0.91) | 0.59 (0.31–1.10) | 0.98 (0.46–2.08 | 1.11 (0.51–2.42) |
| Shift work schedule | ||||||
| Without night work | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| With night work | 0.90 (0.68–1.97) | 1.11 (0.81–1.52) | 1.10 (0.76–1.58) | 1.07 (0.72–1.59) | 0.67 (0.39–1.13) | 0.72 (0.38–1.36) |
| Number of night shifts | ||||||
| 0 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| 1–20 | 0.79 (0.56–1.11) | 1.01 (0.70–1.47) | 1.22 (0.76–1.97) | 1.34 (0.80–2.24) | 0.83 (0.43–1.58) | 0.81 (0.41–1.60) |
| 21–40 | 0.66 (0.44–0.98) | 0.85 (0.55–1.31) | 1.43 (0.86–2.36) | 1.31 (0.75–2.29) | 0.66 (0.34–1.43) | 0.68 (0.31–1.51) |
| 41–60 | 0.68 (0.39–1.17) | 0.96 (0.54–1.71) | 0.94 (0.45–1.98) | 1.07 (0.50–2.31) | 0.16 (0.02–1.20) | 0.19 (0.03–1.34) |
| >60 | 1.55 (1.04–2.30) | 1.75 (1.12–2.73) | 1.78 (0.98–3.23) | 1.99 (1.05–3.75) | 1.28 (0.56–2.94) | 0.93 (0.34–2.55) |
| Number of quick returns | ||||||
| 0 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.00 (ref.) |
| 1–20 | 0.59 (0.38–0.90) | 0.84 (0.52–1.36) | 1.24 (0.64–2.39) | 1.57 (0.76–3.25) | 0.80 (0.33–1.92) | 1.09 (0.41–2.94) |
| 21–40 | 0.65 (0.41–1.02) | 1.03 (0.62–1.71) | 1.43 (0.73–2.83) | 1.61 (0.76–3.39) | 0.85 (0.33–2.18) | 0.93 (0.31–2.77) |
| 41–60 | 0.81 (0.52–1.26) | 1.18 (0.72–1.91) | 1.61 (0.82–3.15) | 1.64 (0.77–3.49) | 0.73 (0.28–1.95) | 0.93 (0.30–2.86) |
| >60 | 0.88 (0.54–1.42) | 1.06 (0.62–1.83) | 1.24 (0.58–2.66) | 1.15 (0.49–2.69) | 1.17 (0.44–3.10) | 1.36 (0.44–4.27) |
a
Adjusted for sex, age, marital status, children living at home, work experience, hours worked per week and type of workplace.