TABLE 3.

Overall predictors of perceived stress† in women threatened with preterm labour (N = 409)

Predictors‡	N	Beta	B (95% CI)	p
Living in urban area	300	0.254	6.0 (4.5 to 7.0)	<.001
Experience of psychological violence during the current pregnancy§	254	0.240	6.0 (5.0 to 7.0)	<.001
Perceived low or moderate social support¶ (Ref: high)	183	0.102	3.0 (2.0 to 4.0)	<.001
History of vaginal bleeding during the current pregnancy	167	0.091	3.0 (1.5 to 4.0)	<.001
Abnormal results in the initial pregnancy tests£	175	0.082	2.5 (1.0 to 4.0)	<.001
Living with others in addition to spouse and children	71	0.071	3.5 (1.5 to 5.0)	<.001
Being less than 28 weeks pregnant	48	0.066	4.0 (2.0 to 6.0)	<.001
Self‐referred to hospital	175	0.073	2.0 (1.0 to 3.5)	.001
History of hospitalization during the current pregnancy	69	0.051	2.5 (1.0 to 4.0)	.006
Being parous	194	0.064	2.0 (0.5 to 3.0)	.007
Dissatisfaction with sleep quality during the past month	60	0.047	2.5 (0.5 to 4.0)	.009
Experience of sexual violence during the current pregnancy	53	0.044	2.5 (0.5 to 4.5)	.015
History of health problems before the current pregnancy¥	154	0.049	1.5 (0.5 to 3.0)	.020
Insufficient household income	83	0.042	2.0 (0.5 to 3.5)	.026
Caring for elder person/s at home	29	0.042	3.0 (0.5 to 6.0)	.027
Unwanted pregnancy	132	0.044	1.5 (0.1 to 3.0)	.036
Exposure to noise pollution at work or home	94	0.041	2.0 (0.1 to 3.5)	.042

All analysis were done using the multiple linear regression model with the backward strategy. Sidak was used to adjust for the multiple comparisons. After excluding variable of “any type of violence,” there was no high multicollinearity between the independent variables in the model (VIFs <3.1).

^†Measured by perceived stress scale (PSS‐10) with attainable range score 0–40; the higher score, the more stress.

^‡Adjusted for all socio‐demographic, obstetrical, clinical and psychological variables with a relation of p < .2 in the unadjusted analyses, excluded variables: being passive smoker, long working hours, history of miscarriage, history of stillbirth, average sleep less or more than 8–9 hr during the day or night, experience of physical violence during the current pregnancy, intention to induce abortion., adjusted R ² = 0.895.

^§Measured by WHO violence against women (VAW‐13), experience was considered as “yes” when women have marked once or sometimes or often for at least one of the relevant items

^¶Measured by multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS‐12) with a range score of 1–5, 1.0–2.33 low support, 2.34–3.67 moderate support, 3.68–5.0 high support.

^£Those who had at least one abnormal result in their initial pregnancy laboratory tests such as TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone), FBS (Fast Blood Sugar), CBC (Complete Blood Count), urine analysis and others.

^¥Including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypo/hyperthyroid, anaemia, renal or cardiovascular diseases, infertility and others.