TABLE 1.
The results of general linear models on birth satisfaction scores (N = 767)
| Demographic/obstetric variables | N (%) | M (SD) | Mean difference (95% CI) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||||
| <20 | 49 (6.4) | 22.4 ± 7.3 | Ref | |
| 20–30 | 378 (49.3) | 22.8 ± 7.1 | −0.409 (−1.69, 2.61) | .703 |
| >30 | 340 (44.3) | 23.3 ± 7.0 | 0.857 (−1.26, 2.97) | .427 |
| Educational level (years) | ||||
| Primary school | 125 (16.3) | 22.8 ± 6.5 | −0.872 (−2.46, 0.71) | .280 |
| High school | 446 (58.2) | 22.8 ± 7.0 | −0.888 (−2.07, 0.30) | .142 |
| University | 196 (25.6) | 23.6 ± 7.5 | Ref | |
| Job | ||||
| Housewife | 690 (90.0) | 22.9 ± 7.0 | −1.080 (−2.74, 0.58) | .203 |
| Employed | 77 (10.0) | 24.0 ± 7.2 | Ref | |
| Household income | ||||
| Insufficient | 269 (35.1) | 21.7 ± 6.3 | −2.005 (−3.04, −0.97) | <.001 |
| Sufficient | 498 (64.9) | 23.7 ± 7.4 | Ref | |
| Obstetric variables | ||||
| Parity | ||||
| Primipara | 310 (40.4) | 21.5 ± 7.0 | −2.55 (−3.55, −1.55) | <.001 |
| Multipara | 457 (59.6) | 24.0 ± 6.9 | Ref | |
| History of abortion | ||||
| Yes | 129 (16.8) | 22.1 ± 7.1 | −1.05 (−2.38, 0.29) | .123 |
| No | 638 (83.2) | 23.2 ± 7.0 | Ref | |
| Mode of birth | ||||
| Elective caesarean | 101 (13.2) | 24.7 ± 6.6 | 1.306 (−0.175, 2.79) | .084 |
| Emergency caesarean | 146 (19.0) | 20.4 ± 6.9 | −2.939 (−4.22, −1.66) | <.001 |
| Vaginal delivery | 520 (67.8) | 23.4 ± 7.0 | Ref | |
| Gestational age at birth (week) | ||||
| <38 | 104 (13.6) | 21.7 ± 6.4 | −2.057 (−4.01, −0.101) | .039 |
| 38–40 | 567 (73.9) | 23.1 ± 7.1 | −0.637 (−2.163, 0.888) | .412 |
| >40 | 96 (12.5) | 23.7 ± 7.1 | Ref | |
| Birth weight (gr) | ||||
| <2500 | 66 (8.6) | 21.7 ± 6.5 | −1.54 (−4.56, 1.47) | .316 |
| 2500–3999 | 670 (87.4) | 23.1 ± 7.1 | −0.082 (−2.62, 2.46) | .950 |
| ≥4000 | 31 (4.0) | 23.2 ± 7.6 | Ref | |
| Infant gender | ||||
| Female | 403 (52.5) | 22.8 ± 7.0 | −0.344 (−1.34, 0.66) | .500 |
| Male | 364 (47.5) | 23.2 ± 7.1 | Ref | |
| Labour pain | ||||
| Spontaneous | 466 (60.8) | 23.0 ± 7.1 | Ref | |
| Induced | 203 (26.5) | 21.9 ± 6.9 | −1.03 (−2.19, 0.125) | .080 |
| Elective caesarean | 98 (12.8) | 24.8 ± 7.0 | 1.72 (0.19, 3.25) | .027 |
| Having a doula | ||||
| Yes | 186 (27.9) | 23.9 ± 7.8 | Ref | |
| No | 480 (72.1) | 22.3 ± 6.7 | −1.67 (−2.85, −0.48) | .004 |
| Elective caesarean | 98 (12.8) | 24.7 ± 6.6 | 0.748 (−0.950, 2.45) | .388 |
| Pain relief method a | ||||
| Entonox | 314 (60.4) | 23.1 ± 7.0 | 1.15 (−0.20, 2.51,) | .095 |
| Spinal/epidural analgesia | 30 (5.8) | 20.3 ± 5.8 | 3.95 (1.21, 6.70) | .005 |
| Hot water showers/massage | 23 (4.4) | 24.6 ± 8.4 | −0.321 (−3.40, 2.75) | .838 |
| Nothing | 153 (29.4) | 24.3 ± 6.9 | Ref | |
| Psychological variables | ||||
| Fear of childbirth | ||||
| W‐DEQ <85 | 529 (69.0) | 25.0 ± 6.7 | Ref | |
| W‐DEQ ≥85 | 238 (31.0) | 18.5 ± 5.6 | −6.44 (−7.42, −5.46) | <.001 |
| WHO−5 | ||||
| <50 | 371 (48.4) | 21.3 ± 6.1 | −3.37 (−4.34, −2.40) | <.001 |
| ≥50 | 396 (51.6) | 24.6 ± 7.5 | Ref | |
| Satisfaction with pregnancy | ||||
| Low satisfied | 115 (15.0) | 18.4 ± 6.2 | −6.73 (−8.12, −5.33) | <.001 |
| Moderately satisfied | 281 (36.6) | 22.1 ± 6.1 | −3.03 (−4.06, −2.00) | <.001 |
| Satisfied or very satisfied | 371 (48.3) | 25.1 ± 7.2 | Ref | |
| Perceived marital/sexual satisfaction | ||||
| Low satisfied | 11 (1.4) | 18.4 ± 4.9 | −4.99 (−9.16, −0.83) | .019 |
| Moderately satisfied | 69 (9.0) | 20.1 ± 6.2 | −3.29 (−5.01, −1.55) | <.001 |
| Satisfied or very satisfied | 687 (89.6) | 23.4 ± 7.1 | Ref | |
| Satisfaction with spouse's support | ||||
| Low satisfied | 24 (3.1) | 20.8 ± 7.2 | −3.20 (−5.99, −0.415) | .024 |
| Moderately satisfied | 151 (19.7) | 19.4 ± 5.0 | −4.58 (−5.80, −3.36) | <.001 |
| Satisfied or very satisfied | 592 (77.2) | 24.0 ± 7.2 | Ref |
Abbreviation: GLM, general linear model.
a
NVD group was included in the analysis.