Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Dec 6;9:681665. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.681665

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2021 Gurung, Tse, Keung, Li and Wong.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Human embryonic stem cell (hES2)-derived human ventricular cardiac anisotropic sheet (hvCAS) paced at 1.5 Hz during acute hypokalaemic (hypoK) experiment where the treatment was for 15 min before data acquisition. Number of samples is represented by n where the first number refers to control (5 mM KCl in Tyrode solution) samples and the second number refers to hypoK (3 mM KCl in Tyrode solution) samples. (A) Action Potential (AP) Longitudinal Conduction Velocity (LCV) (n = 9, 7)and Transverse Conduction Velocity (TCV) (n = 12, 11). The velocity was measured by calculating the speed of AP propagation from one point to the other. (B) AP Anisotropic Ratio (AR) which is the ratio of LCV to TCV. (n = 9, 8). (C) AP Effective Refractory Period (ERP). (n = 12, 13) Conduction Velocity decreased in hypokalaemic condition (asterisk, p < 0.05 for both LCV and TCV). ERP of hvCAS paced at 1.5 Hz (8 trains) followed by an extra premature stimulus which was gradually shortened to find ERP was decreased in hypokalaemic condition (asterisk, p < 0.001). AR is between 1.4 and 1.8, resembling more closer to the native human ventricle (AR = 3) in normokalaemia as well as in hypokalaemia.