Table 2.
Results of phytochemical screening on ethanolic extracts of fifty-three Philippine medicinal plants, listed in alphabetical order.
| Plant no. | Scientific Name | Family Name | Plant parts | Alkaloids | Anthraquinones | Flavonoids | Glycosides | Saponins | Steroids | Tannins | Triterpenoids | LC50 (in μg/mL)* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench | Malvaceae | fruit | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | – | 465 |
| 2 | Adonidia merrillii (Becc.) Becc. | Arecaceae | young fruit | + | – | + | – | – | + | + | + | 51.3 |
| 3 | Aglaia odorata Lour. | Meliaceae | leaves | + | – | + | + | – | + | + | – | 424 |
| 4 | Allium cepa L. | Amaryllidaceae | leaves | – | – | – | – | + | – | + | – | 503 |
| 5 | Annona reticulata L. | Annonaceae | leaves | + | – | – | + | – | – | + | – | 1.83** |
| 6 | Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr. | Menispermaceae | leaves | + | – | + | – | – | – | + | – | 2.32** |
| 7 | Artemisia vulgaris L. | Compositae | leaves | + | – | + | + | – | – | + | – | 84 |
| 8 | Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. | Moraceae | leaves | + | – | – | + | – | – | + | – | 454 |
| 9 | Bauhinia integrifolia Roxb. | Fabeacea | stem | + | + | – | – | – | + | – | + | 409 |
| 10 | Bauhinia purpurea L. | Fabaceae | leaves | + | – | – | + | – | – | + | + | 584 |
| 11 | Bidens pilosa L. | Compositae | whole plant | + | + | + | + | – | + | + | + | 137 |
| 12 | Bixa orellana L. | Bixaceae | leaves | + | – | + | + | – | + | + | + | 54.8 |
| 13 | Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson | Annonaceae | leaves | + | – | – | + | – | – | + | – | 370 |
| 14 | Carmona retusa (Vahl) Masam | Boraginaceae | leaves | + | – | + | – | – | – | + | – | 15.9 |
| 15 | Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. | Malvaceae | leaves | + | – | + | – | + | + | + | + | 409 |
| 16 | Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. | Rutaceae | leaves | + | – | + | + | – | – | + | – | 485 |
| 17 | Coleus blumei Benth. | Lamiaceae | leaves | – | + | – | + | + | – | + | + | 454 |
| 18 | Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott | Araceae | leaves | – | – | + | + | – | – | + | – | 60 |
| 19 | Corchorus aestuans L. | Malvaceae | stem & leaves | + | – | – | + | – | – | + | – | 43 |
| 20 | Crescentia cujete L. | Bignoniaceae | leaves | + | – | – | + | – | – | + | – | 25.6 |
| 21 | Croton tiglium L. | Euphorbiaceae | stem | + | + | – | – | – | + | – | + | 1.32** |
| 22 | Cyperus kyllingia Endl. | Cyperaceae | whole plant | + | – | + | + | – | – | + | – | 2.22** |
| 23 | Diospyros blancoi A.DC. | Ebenaceae | leaves | – | + | + | – | + | + | + | + | 90 |
| 24 | Durio zibethinus L. | Malvaceae | roots | – | – | + | – | – | + | + | + | 31.1 |
| 25 | Ficus minahassae (Teijsm. &Vriese) Miq. | Moraceae | roots | + | + | – | – | – | + | – | + | 61.2 |
| 26 | Ficus septica Burm.f. | Moraceae | leaves | + | – | – | + | – | – | + | – | 37.9 |
| 27 | Garcinia mangostana L. | Clusiaceae | leaves | + | + | + | + | – | + | + | – | 70.1 |
| 28 | Heliconia rostrata Ruiz & Pav. | Heliconiaceae | leaves | + | – | + | + | – | – | + | – | 64.5 |
| 29 | Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. | Malvaceae | leaves | + | – | – | + | + | – | + | – | 465 |
| 30 | Hydrocotyle asiatica L. | Apiaceae | whole plant | + | – | – | + | – | – | + | + | 41.1 |
| 31 | Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. | Convolvulaceae | leaves | + | – | + | – | – | – | + | – | 511 |
| 32 | Jasminum elongatum (P.J. Bergius) Willd. | Oleaceae | leaves | + | + | – | – | – | – | + | – | 113 |
| 33 | Kalanchoe pinnata(Lam.) Pers. | Crassulaceae | leaves | + | – | + | – | + | + | + | + | 283 |
| 34 | Lansium domesticum Corrêa | Meliaceae | leaves | + | – | – | + | – | – | + | – | 0.51 |
| 35 | Manihot esculenta Crantz | Euphorbiaceae | leaves | + | – | + | + | – | – | + | – | 409 |
| 36 | Mentha arvensis L. | Lamiaceae | leaves | + | + | + | + | – | – | + | – | 421 |
| 37 | Momordica charantia L. | Cucurbitaceae | leaves | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | 111 |
| 38 | Muntingia calabura L. | Muntingiaceae | leaves | + | – | + | – | – | + | + | + | 23.1 |
| 39 | Nephelium lappaceum L. | Sapindaceae | leaves | + | – | – | + | – | – | + | – | 2.78 |
| 40 | Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. | Pandanaceae | leaves | + | – | + | + | – | – | + | – | 17.8 |
| 41 | Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth | Piperaceae | whole plant | – | – | – | + | + | – | + | – | 12.9 |
| 42 | Persea americana Mill | Lauraceae | leaves | + | – | + | + | + | + | + | – | 1.92** |
| 43 | Piper betle L. | Piperaceae | leaves | + | – | + | + | – | + | + | + | 106 |
| 44 | Polyscias guilfoylei (W. Bull) L. H. Bailey | Araliaceae | leaves | + | – | + | + | – | – | + | – | 13.3 |
| 45 | Pseudelephantopus spicatus (B. Juss. ex Aubl.) Rohr ex C.F. Baker | Compositae | whole plant | – | – | + | + | – | – | + | – | 503 |
| 46 | Psidium guajava L. | Myrtaceae | bark | + | – | + | – | – | + | + | + | 12.5 |
| 47 | Pterocarpus indicus Willd. | Fabaceae | leaves | – | – | – | -- | – | – | + | – | 46.4 |
| 48 | Senna alata (L.) Roxb | Fabaceae | leaves | + | + | + | + | – | + | + | + | 206 |
| 49 | Stachytarpheta jamaicensis(L). Vahl | Verbenaceae | whole plant | + | – | + | + | – | + | + | + | 9.43 |
| 50 | Theobroma cacao L. | Malvaceae | leaves | + | – | + | + | – | – | + | – | 754 |
| 51 | Tinospora rumphii Boerl. | Menispermaceae | stem | + | – | – | – | – | + | + | + | 199 |
| 52 | Typhonium trilobatum (L.) Schott | Araceae | rhizomes | + | – | + | + | – | + | – | 29.3 | |
| 53 | Vitex negundo L. | Lamiaceae | leaves | + | – | + | – | – | + | + | + | 465 |
| Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) | (positive control)*** | 12.24 |
*Mean of three replicates.
**Confirmed using 6 different concentrations (0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 10.00 μg/mL).
***Solvent controls showed 100 % survival of the brine shrimp nauplii.