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. 2021 Dec 16;3(6):e210161. doi: 10.1148/ryct.210161

Figure 2:

Venovenous collateral vessels (red arrows) at (from left to right) catheter angiography, four-dimensional (4D) flow, and contrast-enhanced MR angiography in a 27-year-old man with pulmonary atresia. These collateral vessels arise from the hepatic veins and directly drain into right pulmonary veins, bypassing the Fontan and pulmonary arteries to the lower-pressure pulmonary veins. Contrast-enhanced MR angiography can be performed in a single breath hold immediately preceding the free-breathing 4D flow scan in the same session as part of a comprehensive congenital heart MRI and MR angiography.

Venovenous collateral vessels (red arrows) at (from left to right) catheter angiography, four-dimensional (4D) flow, and contrast-enhanced MR angiography in a 27-year-old man with pulmonary atresia. These collateral vessels arise from the hepatic veins and directly drain into right pulmonary veins, bypassing the Fontan and pulmonary arteries to the lower-pressure pulmonary veins. Contrast-enhanced MR angiography can be performed in a single breath hold immediately preceding the free-breathing 4D flow scan in the same session as part of a comprehensive congenital heart MRI and MR angiography.