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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Dec 20.
Published in final edited form as: Toxicol Lett. 2013 Jun 5;221(1):64–72. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.05.641

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2.

Berberine induces DNA damage in HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were exposed to increased concentrations (0, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, or 100 μM) of berberine for 2, 6, or 24 h. (A) Quantification of the percentages of cells with Comet tails at different concentrations and time points. Data are the means ± S.D. (n = 100 cells in each of three trials; * p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001). (B) Total cellular protein was extracted at the indicated times, and levels of phosphorylated (γ-H2A.X) and total histones H2A.X were detected by Western blotting. β-actin was used as a loading control. Similar results were obtained from three independent experiments.