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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Dec 20.
Published in final edited form as: Toxicol Lett. 2013 Jun 5;221(1):64–72. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.05.641

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5.

Inhibitory effects of goldenseal constituents on topoisomerase activities. Supercoiled DNA relaxation assay for Topo I (A, B) and kDNA decatenation assay for Topo II (D, E). Supercoiled pBR322 plasmid DNA or kDNA was incubated at 37 °C for 30 min with or without Topo I or Topo II enzyme in the presence of the indicated goldenseal constituents (A, D) or increasing concentrations of berberine and palmatine (B, E); CPT (camptothecin) was used as a Topo I positive control inhibitor. DNA samples were separated by electrophoresis on 1% agarose gel, stained with ethidium bromide, and visualized by UV light. RLX, relaxed DNA; SC, supercoiled DNA. Bar graphs C and F represent the densitometric analyses of the results from B and E. Values are means ± S.D. of three separate experiments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.005 versus the DMSO control.