Table 3.

Anaphylaxis Hospitalization Among Infants and Toddlers (Age, <3 Years) in the United States From 2006 to 2015

Variable	aOR	95% CI	P c
Year	1.04	(1.01–1.07)	.02
Age	5.64	(5.18–6.14)	<.001
Sex
Male	1.00	(Reference)
Female	0.61	(0.53–0.71)	<.001
Race and ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White	1.00	(Reference)
Non-Hispanic Black	1.12	(0.90–1.39)	.29
Hispanic	0.83	(0.67–1.03)	.09
Other	1.22	(1.02–1.46)	.03
Primary payer
Public	1.00	(Reference)
Private	1.48	(1.27–1.73)	<.001
Self-pay	0.86	(0.55–1.34)	.50
Other	0.80	(0.50–1.28)	.35
Median household income quartilea
1 (lowest)	1.00	(Reference)
2	1.12	(0.91–1.38)	.28
3	1.23	(1.00–1.51)	.05
4 (highest)	1.64	(1.33–2.01)	<.001
Discharge quarter
First quarter (Jan-Mar)	1.00	(Reference)
Second quarter (Apr-Jun)	1.56	(1.33–1.85)	<.001
Third quarter (Jul-Sep)	1.48	(1.24–1.77)	<.001
Fourth quarter (Oct-Dec)	1.33	(1.11–1.60)	.002
Admission on weekend
No	1.00	(Reference)
Yes	1.57	(1.37–1.81)	<.001
Hospital region
Northeast	1.00	(Reference)
Midwest	0.41	(0.31–0.55)	<.001
South	0.40	(0.32–0.50)	<.001
West	0.62	(0.46–0.84)	.002
Hospital sizeb
Small	1.00	(Reference)
Medium	0.94	(0.64–1.38)	.75
Large	1.03	(0.72–1.47)	.88
Hospital status
Rural	1.00	(Reference)
Urban nonteaching	1.13	(0.76–1.67)	.54
Urban teaching	2.58	(1.80–3.69)	<.001
Endotracheal intubation or mechanical ventilation
No	1.00	(Reference)
Yes	4.49	(2.85–7.05)	<.001
Chronic pulmonary disease
No	1.00	(Reference)
Yes	2.21	(1.78–2.73)	<.001
Number of procedures on discharge	0.63	(0.54–0.75)	<.001
Hospitalization length of stay (d)	1.00	(0.96–1.04)	.93

Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; Apr, April; CI, confidence interval; Dec, December; Jan, January; Jul, July; Jun, June; Mar, March; Oct, October; Sep, September.

^aMedian household income quartile: (1) 0 to 25th percentile, (2) 26th to 50th percentile, (3) 51st to 75th percentile, and (4) 76th to 100th percentile.

^bHospital size was determined by the bed size and classified by the hospital region and teaching status.

^cP < .05 is considered significant.