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. 2021 Dec 20;18:295. doi: 10.1186/s12974-021-02349-y

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — NLRP3 inflammasome is activated in the α-synucleinA53T-tg mice. A Immunohistochemistry (IHC) demonstrating increased NLRP3 protein levels in the cortex and SNpc of 9–month-old α-synucleinA53T-tg mice. Scale bars, 100 μm. B Statistical analysis of the scores of NLRP3 staining between α-synucleinA53T-tg and wild-type mice. *p < 0.05 (Student’s t-test). C IHC demonstrating increased IL-1β protein levels in the cortex and SNpc of 9–month-old α-synucleinA53T-tg mice. Scale bars, 100 μm. D Statistical analysis of the scores of IL-1β staining between α-synucleinA53T-tg and wild-type mice. *p < 0.05 (Student’s t-test). E–G Cell lysates from the cortex and SNpc of 9-month-old α-synucleinA53T-tg or wild-type mice were immunoblotted. The protein levels of NLRP3, ASC, cleaved CASP1, IL-1β were statistically analyzed in F and G. Mean ± SEM, n = 6, *p < 0.05 (Student’s t-test). H, I IHC demonstrating increased phosphorylated p38 levels in the cortex and SNpc of 9-month-old α-synucleinA53T-tg mice. Scale bars, 100 μm. I Statistical analysis of the scores of phosphorylated p38 between α-synucleinA53T-tg and wild-type mice. *p < 0.05 (Student’s t-test). J, K Lysates from the cortex and SNpc of mice were immunoblotted using the indicated antibodies. The protein levels of phosphorylated p38 and α-synuclein were statistically analyzed in D and E. Mean ± SEM, n = 6, *p < 0.05 (Student’s t-test)