Table 3.
Studies designing inorganic nanoparticles for GBM treatment and their main characteristics.
| Nanosystem | Composition | Surface Modification | Size (nm) | Therapeutic Molecule/Drug | In vitro Model | In vivo model | Route of Administration | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SiO2 NP | SiO2 | Citrate, L-serine | 20 and 100 nm | - | U373MG cells | - | - | [126] |
| ZnO NP | ZnO | L-arginine | 20 and 100 nm | - | U373MG cells | - | - | [126] |
| ZnO NP | ZnO | - | ~ 200 nm long | - | T98G | - | - | [127] |
| ZnO NP | ZnO | Albumin, fibrinogen, and apo-transferrin | 220-1494 nm | - | U373MG cells | - | - | [128] |
| Au NP | Au | - | 10-60 nm | - | U87 cells | - | - | [147] |
| Ag/AgCl NP | Ag | - | 2-22 nm | - | GBM02 | - | - | [129] |
| Ag NP | Ag | - | 70 nm | - | U87MG | - | - | [130] |
| CMXGAuNPs | Au | carboxymethyl xantham gum | 8-10 nm | DOX | LN-229 | - | - | [134] |
| AuNP | Au | Citrate | 15 nm | - | U251 cells | Orthotopic mouse brain tumor model | Intratumorally | [135] |
| Ag NP | Ag | Citrate | 25 nm | - | U251 cells | Orthotopic mouse brain tumor model | Intratumorally | [135] |
| IO NO | Iron oxide | Cetuximab | 10 nm | - | U87-EGFRvIII | orthotopic xenografts model in Athymic nude mice | Convection-enhanced delivery | [136] |
| Pt/TiO2 NP | TiO2, Pt | - | 10 nm | - | - | Intraperitoneal xenograft model in Wistar rats | Intraperitoneal | [125] |
| AuNPs | Au | Cetuximab | 2.4 nm | - | U87 MG | - | - | [148] |
| MSNP | PEG, GO | PEG, IL-13 | DOX | U251 | - | - | [149] | |
| MSNP | Si | - | 140 nm | DOX, CPT | U87MG | - | - | [142] |
| MSNP | Si | PEI-cRGD | 20-80 nm | DOX | U87, U251, and C6 | - | - | [140] |
| MSNP | Si | RGD | 136 nm | BSeC | U87, C6 | - | - | [141] |
| MSNP | Si | NGR | 70 nm | TMZ | C6 | - | - | [146] |
| MSNP | Si | - | 180 nm | CUR | U87MG | - | - | [143] |
| MSNP | MPEG, Si | RGD | 148 nm | DOX | U87MG | - | - | [150] |
| - | - | - | 5-15 nm | - | LN229 | - | - |
Abbreviations: SiO2NP – Silicon dioxide nanoparticles; ZnONP – Zinc oxide nanoparticles; AuNP – gold nanoparticles; PEG – polyethyleneglycol; IL-13 – interleukin 13; PEI-cRGD - poly(ether imide)-cricoids Arg-Gly-Asp- Phe-Lys; DOX – doxorubicin; CPT – camptothecin; TMZ – temozolomide; CUR – curcumin.