Table 5.
Social-interaction behaviours in postnatally MDMA-treated rodents, compared with control rodents.
| Study | Species | Sexes | Sexes Combined or Separated | Sample Size |
Singular/
Chronic Dosing |
Chronic Timing | Dose (mg/kg) | Route | Treatment Age (PD) | Testing Age (PD) | Temperature (°C) | Social Restriction | Males | Females | Both |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ando 2006 [87] | Rat | Males | NA | 34 | Either | 1 or 2 days (49 days apart) | 15 | i.p. | 49-56 | 49-56 | 21 | Nil | Decreased regular total social-interaction time, locomotion, self-grooming, rearing. Increased adjacent-lying time (more than social-interaction decrease). | NA | NA |
| Ando 2006 [87] | Rat | Males | NA | 34 | Either | 1 or 2 days (49 days apart) | 15 | i.p. | 49-56 | 70-77 | 21 | Nil | 3 weeks later, dosed on 1st day: increased aggression, rearing and line crossings. Acute, dosed on 2nd day: increased total time of social behaviour (adjacent lying), total number of non-social activities and line crossings. |
NA | NA |
| Ando 2010 [215] | Rat | Males | NA | 24 | Singular | NA | 15, 30 | i.p. | 42-49 | 222-229 | 21 | Nil | Fewer line crossings. No change in duration or number of social interactions, aggressive behaviours. | NA | NA |
| Bull 2003 [133] | Rat | Males | NA | 24 | Chronic | Twice daily | 15 | i.p. | 28-30 | 50 | 21 | Nil | Reduced total social interaction. | NA | NA |
| Bull 2003 [216] | Rat | Both | NA | NA | Chronic | Four times daily, for 2 consecutive days | 5 | i.p. | 28 | 84 | NA | Nil | After 54 days' abstinence, social interaction decreased by 27% | NA | NA |
| Bull 2004 [132] | Rat | Males | NA | 32 | Chronic | Each of 4 hours | 5 | i.p. | 28 | 84 | 21 | Nil | Increased social anxiety, decreased total social interaction. | NA | NA |
| Cagiano 2008 [84] | Rat | Males | NA | 90 | Singular | NA | 0.3, 1, 3 | i.p. | “Adult” | “Adult” | 20-22 | Nil | 3 mg/kg: increased time till intromission and ejaculation, decreased copulatory activity. | NA | NA |
| Clemens 2004 [217] | Rat | Males | NA | 24-30 | Chronic | 4 injections in 1 day, 2 hours apart | 2.5, 5 | i.p. | 376g | 28 days later | 28 | Nil | Increased total locomotor activity. 5 mg/kg: reduced social-interaction time. | NA | NA |
| Clemens 2005 [218] | Rat | Females | NA | 16-18 | Chronic | Every 2 hours in 1 day, 4 times | 4 | i.p. | 281g | 42 days later | 28 | Nil | NA | Less social interaction. | NA |
| Clemens 2007 [136] | Rat | Females | NA | 32 | Chronic | 1 injection per week for 16 weeks | 8 | i.p. | 238g | 49 days later | 28 | Nil | NA | Decreased total social-interaction time. | NA |
| Clemens 2007 [136] | Rat | Females | NA | 16 | Chronic | 1 injection per week for 16 weeks | 8 | i.p. | 238g | 113 days later | 28 | Nil | NA | Reduced social-interaction time. | NA |