Table 8.
Resistance to change travel direction in postnatally MDMA-treated rodents, compared with control rodents.
| Study | Y-/T-maze | Species | Sexes | Sexes Combined or Separated | Sample Size | Singular/Chronic Dosing | Chronic Timing | Dose (mg/kg) | Route | Treatment Age (PD) | Testing Age (PD) | Temperature (°C) | Food Restriction | Food | Males | Females | Both |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adeniyi 2016 [194] | Y | Mouse | Males | NA | 10 | Chronic | 5 times over 10 days, at 2-day intervals | 2 | s.c. | 21 | 31, 32 | NA | Nil | NA | No effect | NA | NA |
| Cassel 2005 [274] | T | Rat | Males | NA | 20 | Chronic | 4 times, 24 hours apart | 10 | i.p. | “Adult” | 4 days after last injection | 23 | Nil | NA | No effect | NA | NA |
| Edut 2011 [197] | Y | Mouse | Males | NA | 37 | Singular | NA | 10 | i.p. | 25-30g | “Juvenile” | 23 | Nil | NA | No effect | NA | NA |
| Edut 2014 [198] | Y | Mouse | Males | NA | NA | Singular | NA | 10 | i.p. | 25-30g | Same age | 23 | Nil | Visual cues (shapes) | No effect | NA | NA |
| Kolyaduke 2013 [157] | Y | Rat | Both | Separated | 80 | Chronic | 10 days, once a day | 10 | i.p. | 35, 45 | 90 | 22 | Nil | NA | No effect | No effect | NA |
| Odland 2019 [275] | Y | Mouse | Males | NA | 32 | Singular | NA | 1,3,10 | i.p. | 8-16 weeks | 8-16 weeks | 20-24 | Nil | NA | No effect | NA | NA |
| Ricaurte 1993 [276] | T | Rat | Males | NA | 21 | Chronic | Twice daily for 4 days | 20 | s.c. | 300g | 84 days later | NA | Not specified | Chocolate milk | No effect. | NA | NA |
| Schwarting 2005 [277] | T | Rat | Males | NA | 40 | Singular | NA | 7.5, 15 | i.p. | 409.7g | Same day | 22-24 | 3 days before, for 23 hours each | NA | NA | NA | |
| Schulz 2013 [208] | T | Rat | Males | NA | 24 | Chronic | Once daily for 10 days, twice daily (4 hours apart) for 5 days | 7.5 | s.c. | “Adult” (230-300g) | 40-65, 80-105 | 22 | Not specified | Food pellets | Increased | NA | NA |
| Young 2005 [278] | Y | Rat | Males | NA | 40+ | Singular | NA | 1.5, 2.5, 5 | i.p. | “Adult” | “Adult” | 21 | 4 days | Froot loops (cereal) | 5 mg/kg: increased | NA | NA |
| Reversal learning through odour-span task: | |||||||||||||||||
| Hawkey 2014 [279] | NA | Rat | Males | NA | 6 | Singular | NA | 0.3, 1.0, 1.8, 3.0 | i.p. | 90-150 | 90-150 | NA | Not specified | Sugar pellets | No effect | NA | NA |
| Study | Y/T maze | Species | Sexes | Sexes Combined or Separated | Sample Size | Singular/Chronic Dosing | Chronic Timing | Dose (mg/kg) | Route | Treatment Age (PD) | Testing Age (PD) | Temperature (°C) | Food Restriction | Food | Males | Females | Both |
| Hawkey 2014 [279] | NA | Rat | Males | NA | 6 | Chronic | Twice daily over 4 days | 10 | i.p. | 90-150 | 90-150 | NA | Not specified | Sugar pellets | Increased | NA | NA |
| Acquired operant-alternation task: | |||||||||||||||||
| Vinals 2013 [280] | NA | Mouse | Males | NA | 19-21 | Chronic | Twice daily over 4 days | 3, 30 | i.p. | 24g | 24g | 21 | Not specified | Chocolate pellets | 30 mg/kg: increased | NA | NA |
| Radial-arm maze: | |||||||||||||||||
| Braida 2002 [240] | 8-arm | Rat | Males | NA | 32 | Chronic | Daily | 1, 2, 3 | i.p. | 90 | 104 | 22 | Restricted (by 15% free-feeding weight) for 2 weeks before | Food pellets | Increased | NA | NA |
| Canales 2014 [159] | 8-arm | Rat | Females | NA | 12 | Chronic | Twice daily, 8 hours apart | 10 | NA | 13-15 | 97 | 21 | Nil | Noyes pellets | NA | No effect | NA |
| Compton 2016 [158] | Plus | Rat | Both | Separated | 26 | Chronic | 2 injections 5 times, with 5-day intervals. | 5 | NA | 35-57 | 131 | 24 | Nil | NA | Increased | Increased | NA |
| Harper 2013 [281] | 8-arm | Rat | Males | NA | 13 | Chronic | 4 times, 2-hour intervals + once a week | 10 + 4 | i.p. | 90-120 | 90-120 | NA | Nil | Chocolate chips | No effect | NA | NA |
| Harper 2013 [281] | 8-arm | Rat | Males | NA | 13 | Chronic | Once a week | 4 | i.p. | 90-120 | 90-120 | NA | Nil | Chocolate chips | No effect | NA | NA |
| Kay 2011 [282] | NA | Rat | Males | NA | 19 | Chronic | 4 times, 1 every 2 hours, for 1 day | 10 | i.p. | 90-120 | 90-120 | NA | Not specified | Chocolate chips | No effect | NA | NA |
| Kay 2011 [282] | NA | Rat | Males | NA | 19 | Chronic | Twice, 24 hours apart | 4 | i.p. | 90-120 | 90-120 | NA | Not specified | Chocolate chips | Increased | NA | NA |
| Ros-Simo 2013 [207] | 8-arm | Mouse | Males | NA | 24-30 | Chronic | Twice, 6 hours apart | 20 | i.p. | 25 | 28 | 22 | Not specified | Chocolate pellets | Increased | NA | NA |