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. 2021 Jun 23;19(7):1101–1154. doi: 10.2174/1570159X19666210101130258
Study Species Sexes Sexes Combined or Separated Sample Size Singular/
Chronic Dosing
Chronic Timing Dose (mg/kg) Route Treatment Age (PD) Testing Age (PD) Temperature (°C) Social Restriction Males Females Both
Kirilly 2010 [224] Rat Males NA NA Chronic Twice 15 i.p. 42-49 21 days later, and once on testing day 21 14 days Acute: decreased aggressive-type behaviour. 1st dose: decreased biting, boxing. NA NA
Kurling 2008 [225] Rat Males NA 12 Singular NA 1, 5 i.p. “Adult” (300–380g) Same day 21 6 days Increased locomotor activity, rearing bouts, agitation, stereotyped sniffing, head/body weaving, head bobbing. NA NA
Machalova 2012 [79] Mouse Males NA 98 Singular NA 2.5, 10, 30 i.p. “Juvenile” (18-20g) Same day 22 Not specified Aggressive mice: decreased aggression, increased timidity (defensive posture; 30 mg/kg: escape; 10, 30 mg/kg: alert posture); 2.5, 10 mg/kg: increased social behaviour (2.5 mg/kg: social sniffing; 2.5, 10 mg/kg: conspecific-following); 30 mg/kg: walking. Timid
mice: 10, 30 mg/kg: increased timidity (increased alter-
posture frequency); 30 mg/kg: increased escape frequency. Decreased social behaviour frequency (social sniffing; 10, 30 mg/kg: conspecific-following). 30 mg/kg:
walking.
NA NA
Maldonado 2001 [226] Mouse Males NA NA Singular NA 0.5, 1.25, 2.5 i.p. NA Same day NA NA 0.5, 1.25 mg/kg: decreased shorter inter-attack intervals NA NA
Maldonado 2001 [88] Mouse Males NA 60 Singular NA 1, 8, 15 i.p. “Juvenile” (25-30g) Same day 21 30 days (for aggression) 8, 15 mg/kg: decreased grooming, digging, social exploration, threat/attack time. 8, 15 mg/kg: increased non-social
exploration, defence/submission, distance exploration, avoidance. 1 mg/kg: increased distant
exploration, avoidance.
NA NA
McGregor 2003 [92] Rat Males NA 24 Chronic Each of 4 hours over 2 consecutive days 5 i.p. 90 160 28 Nil Decreased social interaction time and frequency. NA NA
McGregor 2003 [92] Rat Males NA 24 Singular NA 5 i.p. 90 160 28 Nil Decreased social interaction time. NA NA
McGregor 2003 [77] Rat Males NA 32 Chronic Each of 4 hours over 2 consecutive days 5 i.p. 60-75 56-70 days later 28, 16 Nil Less social interaction, fewer social-interaction bouts. NA NA
Miczek 1994 [227] Mouse Males NA 29 Singular NA 0.3, 3, 6, 10 NA “Adult” “Adult” 21 Nil 3-10 mg/kg: decreased
frequency of attacks >
decreased dose-dependent sideways threats.
NA NA