| Study | Species | Sexes | Sexes Combined or Separated | Sample Size |
Singular/
Chronic Dosing |
Chronic Timing | Dose (mg/kg) | Route | Treatment Age (PD) | Testing Age (PD) | Temperature (°C) | Social Restriction | Males | Females | Both |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kirilly 2010 [224] | Rat | Males | NA | NA | Chronic | Twice | 15 | i.p. | 42-49 | 21 days later, and once on testing day | 21 | 14 days | Acute: decreased aggressive-type behaviour. 1st dose: decreased biting, boxing. | NA | NA |
| Kurling 2008 [225] | Rat | Males | NA | 12 | Singular | NA | 1, 5 | i.p. | “Adult” (300–380g) | Same day | 21 | 6 days | Increased locomotor activity, rearing bouts, agitation, stereotyped sniffing, head/body weaving, head bobbing. | NA | NA |
| Machalova 2012 [79] | Mouse | Males | NA | 98 | Singular | NA | 2.5, 10, 30 | i.p. | “Juvenile” (18-20g) | Same day | 22 | Not specified | Aggressive mice: decreased aggression, increased timidity (defensive posture; 30 mg/kg: escape; 10, 30 mg/kg: alert posture); 2.5, 10 mg/kg: increased social behaviour (2.5 mg/kg: social sniffing; 2.5, 10 mg/kg: conspecific-following); 30 mg/kg: walking. Timid mice: 10, 30 mg/kg: increased timidity (increased alter- posture frequency); 30 mg/kg: increased escape frequency. Decreased social behaviour frequency (social sniffing; 10, 30 mg/kg: conspecific-following). 30 mg/kg: walking. |
NA | NA |
| Maldonado 2001 [226] | Mouse | Males | NA | NA | Singular | NA | 0.5, 1.25, 2.5 | i.p. | NA | Same day | NA | NA | 0.5, 1.25 mg/kg: decreased shorter inter-attack intervals | NA | NA |
| Maldonado 2001 [88] | Mouse | Males | NA | 60 | Singular | NA | 1, 8, 15 | i.p. | “Juvenile” (25-30g) | Same day | 21 | 30 days (for aggression) | 8, 15 mg/kg: decreased grooming, digging, social exploration, threat/attack time. 8, 15 mg/kg: increased non-social exploration, defence/submission, distance exploration, avoidance. 1 mg/kg: increased distant exploration, avoidance. |
NA | NA |
| McGregor 2003 [92] | Rat | Males | NA | 24 | Chronic | Each of 4 hours over 2 consecutive days | 5 | i.p. | 90 | 160 | 28 | Nil | Decreased social interaction time and frequency. | NA | NA |
| McGregor 2003 [92] | Rat | Males | NA | 24 | Singular | NA | 5 | i.p. | 90 | 160 | 28 | Nil | Decreased social interaction time. | NA | NA |
| McGregor 2003 [77] | Rat | Males | NA | 32 | Chronic | Each of 4 hours over 2 consecutive days | 5 | i.p. | 60-75 | 56-70 days later | 28, 16 | Nil | Less social interaction, fewer social-interaction bouts. | NA | NA |
| Miczek 1994 [227] | Mouse | Males | NA | 29 | Singular | NA | 0.3, 3, 6, 10 | NA | “Adult” | “Adult” | 21 | Nil | 3-10 mg/kg: decreased frequency of attacks > decreased dose-dependent sideways threats. |
NA | NA |