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. 2021 Jun 23;19(7):1101–1154. doi: 10.2174/1570159X19666210101130258
Study Species Sexes Sexes Combined or Separated Sample Size Singular/
Chronic Dosing
Chronic Timing Dose (mg/kg) Route Treatment Age (PD) Testing Age (PD) Temperature (°C) Social Restriction Males Females Both
Morley 2000 [228] Rat Males NA 56 Singular NA 1.25, 2.5, 5 i.p. 85-95 99-109 22 Nil Decreased aggression time. 5 mg/kg: increased social interaction time, locomotion. 1.25 and 2.5 mg/kg had no effect on locomotion or social interaction duration NA NA
Morley 2001 [91] Rat Males NA 32 Chronic Each of 4 hours on 2 consecutive days 5 i.p. 75-95 160-180 22 Nil Decreased total interaction time and frequency, rearing frequency, locomotion. NA NA
Morley 2001 [91] Rat Males NA 32 Singular NA 5 i.p. 75-95 160-180 22 Nil Decreased total interaction time and frequency, rearing frequency, locomotion, social interaction. NA NA
Morley 2005 [81] Rat Males NA 112 Singular NA 5 i.p. 50-90 50-90 28 5 mins. Increased total social interaction time (adjacent lying, approach), decreased anogenital sniffing and rearing. Serotonin syndrome: greater turning, low body posture, piloerection. NA NA
Morley-Fletcher 2002 [190] Mouse Males NA 30 Chronic Once on each of 3 days, 2 days apart 5, 10 i.p. 28, 38, 52 80 21 Nil Altered environmental exploration time (dosed at early and late adolescence: dose-dependent increase; dosed at middle-adolescence: decrease). Decreased self-grooming. Decreased freezing time (dosed at early adolescence). NA NA
Navarro 1998 [89] Mouse Males NA 96 Singular NA 0.5, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20 i.p. 42 42 20 30 days (for aggression) Decreased aggression (threat, attack) and social exploration; increased distant exploration, avoidance and defence. 5-20 mg/kg: decreased threat/attack time. 2.5-20 mg/kg: increased distant exploration. 5-20 mg/kg: increased non-social exploration, avoidance/defence; decreased social exploration. 1.25-20 mg/kg: decreased digging. 2.5, 20 mg/kg: decreased grooming. NA NA
Navarro 2004 [96] Mouse Males NA 40 Singular NA 1, 8, 15 i.p. 25-30g 30 mins. later 20 Nil 1, 8, 15 mg/kg: decreased social-investigation time. 8, 15 mg/kg: decreased digging, increased avoidance/flee. NA NA
Navarro 2004 [90] Mouse Males NA 120 Singular Experimental day 7 1.25, 2.5, 5 i.p. 25-30g 30 mins. after last injection 21 30 days Increased non-social exploration. 2.5, 5 mg/kg: decreased digging time, threat, attack; increased distant exploration. 5 mg/kg: increased avoidance/flee, defence/submission. NA NA
Navarro 2004 [90] Mouse Males NA 120 Chronic Experimental days 1-7, daily 1.25, 2.5, 5 i.p. 25-30g 31 mins. after last injection 21 30 days 1.25 mg/kg: increased digging. 2.5 mg/kg: increased exploration from distance, decreased non-social exploration behaviors. NA NA