| Study | Species | Sexes | Sexes Combined or Separated | Sample Size |
Singular/
Chronic Dosing |
Chronic Timing | Dose (mg/kg) | Route | Treatment Age (PD) | Testing Age (PD) | Temperature (°C) | Social Restriction | Males | Females | Both |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Piper 2008 [205] | Rat | Males | NA | 20-24 | Chronic | 4 doses, 1 each hour | 10 | s.c. | “Young adult” (307.7g) | “Young adult” | 23 | Nil | No effect. | NA | NA |
| Procopio-Souza 2011 [85] | Mouse | Males | NA | 24 | Chronic | Acute dose, then repeat 10 days later | 10 | i.p. | 90 | 90, 100 | 22-23 | NA | Increased locomotor frequency (housing: group > individual). Group-housed: increased social-interaction time. 2nd dose: higher locomotion frequency; group-housed: repeated dosing did not modify social behavior; but increased body contact, peaceful following; decreased anogenital sniffing. | NA | NA |
| Ramos 2013 [229] | Rat | Males | NA | 32 | Singular | NA | 2.5, 5 | i.p. | “Adult” (250-300g) | Same day | 23 | 1 hour | 5 mg/kg: increased adjacent-lying time, decreased anogenital sniffing and rearing. | NA | NA |
| Ramos 2015 [230] | Rat | Males | NA | 10 | Singular | NA | 5 | i.p. | “Adult” (250-300g) | “Adult” (250-300g) | 21 | Nil | More time spent in physical contact with a conspecific (but this also occurred with an inanimate object). | NA | NA |
| Rodriguez-Arias 2011 [231] | Mouse | Males | NA | 40 | Chronic | Twice, 4 hours apart, on each of 2 days, 6 days apart | 10, 20 | i.p. | 41, 42 | 64 | 21 | Nil | 20 mg/kg: less social-investigation time, less threat and attack times, more non-social exploration time. | NA | NA |
| Rodriguez-Arias 2015 [232] | Mouse | Males | NA | 179 | Chronic | Twice daily (4-hour intervals), over 2 consecutive days a week | 10, 20 | i.p. | 33, 34, 40, 41 | 75 | 21 | Nil | More aggression (10, 20 mg/kg: more attacks; 10 mg/kg: more threats). 10 mg/kg: more time in social investigation, less time in non-social investigation. | NA | NA |
| Shen 2011 [233] | Rat | Males | NA | 60 | Chronic | Twice every 5th day | 10 | s.c. | 52-62 | 72 | 26 | 7 days | Reduced crawling frequency and time. | NA | NA |
| Slais 2005 [234] | Mouse | Both | NA | NA | Chronic | 2.5 mg/kg: once daily for 5 consecutive days; 30 mg/kg: 8 days later | 2.5, 30 | p.o. | NA | NA | NA | Nil | Decreased aggression in aggressive mice, decreased prosocial behaviour in timid mice. Increased defence-escape behaviour. MDMA pre-treatment (2.5 mg/kg) had no effect. | - | - |
| Slais 2005 [235] | Mouse | Males | NA | NA | Singular | NA | 2.5, 10, 30 | p.o. | NA | NA | NA | Always | Decreased aggression, increased sociability and defence-escape behaviours in aggressive mice. Increased defence-escape behaviour and decreased sociability in timid mice. |
NA | NA |